论《管子》统治“度”的思想

发布时间：2018-07-04 09:29

本文选题：《管子》 + 统治　；参考：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：如何实现政治统治的稳定，中国历代思想家、政治家从多方面进行了有益的思考，提出了多种理论。其中，《管子》把政治稳定的基础放在经济关系上面，以经济利益为纽带全面调节政治社会中各种关系的思想最值得重视。《管子》认为，治理国家不能违背“天道”和“人情”。遵从天道，其政治行为就不能肆意妄为，而应该有“节”和“度”。人情是好利的，治理国家就应该顺从人情，满足人情，利用人情，让利成为调节政治社会关系的工具，在人性好利和政治统治之间找到合理的“度”。从这种理论出发，《管子》提出了维护政治稳定的“取民有度”，控制社会秩序的“贫富有度”，掌控官僚的“赏罚有度”等系统的治国之“度”思想。 “取民有度”是维护政治统治的稳定之度。《管子》认为民之“所能为”与“所不能为”之间的“度量”线，，是由生产力水平与人的体力决定的。君主取之于民，应从民之实际出发，不能无限度地搜刮人民之财富，应保民剩余，维护百姓最基本的生活水平，即而做到“取而不夺”、“取民有度”。 “贫富有度”是控制社会秩序之度。《管子》主张将贫富之权控制在君主手中，利用民性控制百姓。然而君主并非无限制的操纵，而是在保证百姓基本生活所需的基础之上，采取“富夺贫予”之手段，从而确保社会各阶层的“贫富有度”。 “赏罚有度”是掌控臣僚的激励之度，君主治理百姓离不开各级官吏，对官吏的掌控直接关系到国家的社会秩序和政治稳定。故君主依法对官吏行赏罚，做到“赏罚有度”，必能掌控臣僚，激励他们为国家效劳。《管子》统治“度”的思想，大大增强了政治的可操作性，不仅对当时统治者治理国家具有指导意义，对当前我国的社会主义和谐社会建设也具有很强的现实意义，比如：如何平衡增强国家财力和社会承受程度的关系，如何控制社会的两极分化，如何实行有效激励措施调动国家工作人员的工作积极性等，都值得认真借鉴。
[Abstract]:How to realize the stability of political rule, Chinese thinkers and politicians from many aspects of beneficial thinking, put forward a variety of theories. Among them, "Guanzi" puts the foundation of political stability on the economic relations, and the thought of adjusting all kinds of relations in the political society with economic interests as the link is the most worthy of our attention. Governing a country must not violate the "heavenly way" and "human feelings." Obeying the Tao of Heaven, its political behavior should not be wanton, but should have "festival" and "degree". Human feelings are good interests, so governing a country should obey human feelings, satisfy human feelings, make use of human feelings and make profit become a tool to regulate political social relations, and find a reasonable "degree" between good human nature and political rule. Based on this theory, Guanzi put forward the "degree" of "taking the people" to maintain political stability, "the rich and the poor" of controlling the social order, and the "reward and punishment degree" of the bureaucrats. The "measure" between "what the people can be" and "what cannot be" is determined by the level of productivity and physical strength of people. The monarch should proceed from the reality of the people and not search the wealth of the people indefinitely, protect the surplus of the people and maintain the most basic living standard of the people, that is to say, "take but not seize" and "take the people with a degree". "Wealth degree" is the degree of controlling social order. "Guanzi" advocates that the power of the rich and the poor be controlled in the hands of the monarch, and that the common people be controlled by the nature of the people. However, the monarch is not unlimited manipulation, but on the basis of ensuring the basic life of the people, the means of "rich and poor" is adopted to ensure the "rich and the poor" of all social strata. "reward and punishment degree" is the encouragement degree of controlling minister and staff, the monarch governs the common people can not leave all levels of officials, the control of government officials is directly related to the social order and political stability of the country. Therefore, when the monarch rewards and punishes officials according to law and achieves "rewards and punishments," he will be able to control his officials and staff and inspire them to serve the country. The idea of ruling "degree" has greatly enhanced the maneuverability of politics. It is not only of guiding significance for the rulers to govern the country at that time, but also of great practical significance to the construction of a harmonious socialist society in our country at present. For example, how to balance and enhance the relationship between national financial resources and the degree of social tolerance, How to control the polarization of the society and how to carry out effective incentive measures to mobilize the work enthusiasm of national staff are worthy of serious reference.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D092

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