弗洛姆的自由观研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 18:31

本文选题：逃避自由 + 自由　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：弗洛姆在对前人思想的继承批判和社会活动的实践中,立足人的主体性,从深不可测的精神世界和变化多端的行为入手,引出了对现代社会中人们"逃避自由"现象的深刻思考,构筑起自己关于人的自由状况、表现及如何实现的一系列鲜明独特的观点。首先,文章力图从时代的重大事件和他的特殊经历来理解弗洛姆本人及自由观点,重大事件包括两次世界大战、资本主义和社会主义阵营的军备竞赛、资本主义经济危机和经济繁荣、法西斯和纳粹主义的肆虐等,特殊经历包含弗洛姆忧郁的童年生活、辗转逃离纳粹的迫害中受到疾病的纠缠、坎坷的爱情生活等,并在此基础上梳理了弗洛姆自由观形成的历史阶段。同时,他的自由观也是在多种思想交流和文化观念的碰撞中形成火花,弗洛姆主要吸收了弗洛伊德的无意识、性格学说和本能理论为主的精神分析理论和马克思主义的历史唯物主义、部分阶级分析工具和关于人的全面自由发展的理论,尤以马克思主义理论对他的影响最大,另外,他的自由观点还受到犹太文化传统的影响。其次,弗洛姆自由观的基本思想主要划分为4个版块。研究他的自由观点当然不能仅仅局限在《逃避自由》这一著作中,受限于人们对自由逃避的心理状况和对自由追寻的社会全方位的变革途径。纵观弗洛姆一生的所有著作,可以发现与自由作抗争的活动与人本身的存在难以分割,自由更多地与人格或性格相关,存在着积极自由和消极自由两种形式,及与此相对应的重存在和重占有的生存方式,弗洛姆将矛盾聚焦现实的社会环境中人们面对的自由困境,解析了人们逃避自由的心理、社会机制,最终满怀希望地构思出在社会各个领域进行变革和通过塑造健全人格来实现人的全面发展的自由之路。最后,文章对弗洛姆的自由观点给出了一个综合的评价。他侧重从人的微观心理方面分析和关于人类主体的理想实现的自由观点具有一定的理论和实践价值,这体现在弗洛姆的自由观点创新了心理概念在历史唯物领域的运用,深化了对资本主义社会的批判和丰富了劳动异化理论,这对人的创造性发挥和和谐社会建设具有重大的实践价值,但是弗洛姆的自由观也存在着理论局限性,它仍是一种人本主义伦理的自由观,过分关注了人的人格、信仰、情感等因素,在关于新社会的构想中充满了空想社会主义的色彩。
[Abstract]:Fromm, in his inheritance and criticism of the predecessors' thoughts and the practice of social activities, based on the subjectivity of human beings, starts with the unfathomable spiritual world and the changing behavior. It leads to the profound thinking about the phenomenon of people "escaping from freedom" in modern society, and constructs a series of distinct and unique views on the condition, performance and realization of human freedom. First of all, the article tries to understand Fromm himself and his views on freedom from the important events of the times and his special experiences. The major events include the two world wars, the arms race between the capitalist and socialist camps, The capitalist economic crisis and economic prosperity, the ravages of fascism and Nazism, and so on, include the melancholy childhood of Fromm, the entanglement of illness in fleeing the persecution of Nazism, the bumpy love life, etc. On the basis of this, the author combs the historical stage of the formation of Fromm's concept of freedom. At the same time, his view of freedom also formed sparks in the collision of various ideas and cultural ideas. Fromm mainly absorbed Freud's unconscious. The psychoanalytic theory based on personality theory and instinct theory, the historical materialism of Marxism, some class analysis tools and the theory of man's all-round and free development, in particular, Marxist theory has the greatest influence on him. In addition, His liberal views were also influenced by Jewish cultural traditions. Secondly, the basic idea of Fromm's view of freedom is divided into four sections. Of course, the study of his views on freedom is not confined to the book "escape from Freedom", which is limited by the psychological conditions of freedom escape and the ways of social change in the pursuit of freedom. Looking at all the works of Fromm's life, one can find that the struggle against freedom is inextricably related to the existence of human beings, that freedom is more related to personality or character, that there are two forms of positive freedom and negative freedom. Fromm focuses the contradiction on the dilemma of freedom in the social environment of reality, and analyzes the psychological and social mechanism of people escaping from freedom. Finally, the author conceives with hope the free road to reform in all fields of society and to realize the all-round development of human beings by shaping a sound personality. Finally, the article gives a comprehensive evaluation of Fromm's view of freedom. He focuses on the analysis of human micro-psychology and the free viewpoint about the realization of the ideal of human subject, which has certain theoretical and practical value, which is reflected in Fromm's freedom view, which innovates the application of psychological concept in the historical materialistic field. It deepens the criticism of the capitalist society and enriches the theory of labor alienation, which has great practical value for the creation of human beings and the construction of a harmonious society, but Fromm's concept of freedom also has theoretical limitations. It is still a liberal view of humanism ethics, paying too much attention to human personality, belief, emotion and other factors. It is full of utopian socialism in the conception of the new society.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091

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