阿伦特公共领域思想及其现代审视

发布时间：2018-07-13 15:46

【摘要】：在当代政治哲学界,公共领域理论作为分析现代社会的一种研究范式和解决现代政治危机的一种学术探索,日益受到学者们的重视。犹太裔西方马克思主义理论家汉娜·阿伦特在批判现代政治生活的虚假性、非政治化及反政治化的基础上,从恢复人类生存尊严和价值的角度出发,最早提出公共领域的概念并进行理论建构。系统分析阿伦特公共领域理论的源泉、构成和基础,用比较和发展的眼光进行审视,对于厘清公共领域思想史的基本脉络,丰富公共领域的思想资源,发掘公共领域理论的现实价值以及塑造理想的公共生活有着十分重要的意义。 20世纪政治经济和科学技术的发展,极权主义的兴起,对犹太人的迫害,战后民主国家出现的“共和危机”和种种个人遭遇让阿伦特认识到,以理性和进步为旗号的现代性导致了政治公共性的瓦解和公共领域的消亡,从而使人类政治生活处于前所未有的危险中。对人的天性、本质及生存条件的分析让她确信在公共领域中过一种公共生活是人生目的和意义所在。阿伦特对人类活动及相对应的社会领域进行划分,提出人类活动可分为劳动、工作和行动三种,分别对应于私人领域、社会领域和公共领域,由此提出公共领域的概念,并从公共性、私人性、多样性、同一性、政治性、议题的设置、永恒性等角度对公共领域的内涵进行深入剖析。阿伦特认为,在近代社会领域兴起后,劳动和家庭被纳入公共生活中,这既破坏了私人领域的私密性,也侵害了公共领域的政治性,使人的行动蜕变为平均化和同质化的行为,政治退化为体现着命令和服从关系的家政管理。公共领域的衰落需要通过真正意义上的革命行动来拯救,议事会制度可以看作是共和政体的理想的统治形态。此外,行动、思考、判断和政治美德等构成了阿伦特的公共领域理论的根基。作为一个开放的思想体系,阿伦特的公共领域思想要始终面对时代的检验,体现出时代价值并永远处于发展和完善中。虚拟技术和网络世界,后现代的个性张扬、审美呈现、文化扩张、日常生活革命,以及后人类的出现给公共领域理想的实现提供了新的契机,也带来了新的挑战。阿伦特公共领域思想的当代中国意义在于,可以运用阿伦特公共领域思想对中国公共领域现象进行理论建构,在实证研究的基础上对中国公共领域的整体结构、发展机制和运行机制进行分析,总结当前中国公共领域建设的意义,并对中国公共领域的建构策略进行探索。
[Abstract]:In the contemporary political philosophy, the theory of public domain as a research paradigm for the analysis of modern society and an academic exploration of modern political crisis has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Hanna Ahrendt, a Jewish theorist of Jewish western Marx, is criticizing the false, non politicized and anti politicization of modern political life. At the same time, from the angle of restoring human dignity and value, the concept of the public domain and the theoretical construction are first put forward. The source, composition and foundation of Ahrendt's public domain theory are analyzed systematically, and the basic thread of the ideological history of public domain is clarified and the ideological capital of the public domain is enriched. It is of great significance to explore the realistic value of the theory of public sphere and to create an ideal public life.
In twentieth Century, the development of political economy and science and technology, the rise of totalitarianism, the persecution of Jews, the "Republican crisis" and various personal experiences that appeared in the postwar democratic countries made Ahrendt realize that the modernity of the banner of rationality and progress led to the disintegration of political publicity and the extinction of the public sphere, thus making the human political life. The analysis of human nature, nature and living conditions makes her convinced that a public life in the public field is the purpose and meaning of life in the public domain. Ahrendt divides human activities and corresponding social fields and suggests that human activities can be divided into three kinds, labor, work and action, corresponding to each other. In the private field, the social field and the public domain, the concept of the public domain is put forward, and the connotation of the public domain is deeply analyzed from the perspectives of public, private, diversity, identity, politics, issues and eternity. Ahrendt believes that, after the rise of modern social fields, labor and family are included in public life. It not only destroys the privacy of the private sphere, but also violates the political nature of the public sphere, so that the human action is transformed into an act of averaging and homogeneity, and the political degeneration is the housekeeping management which embodies the order and the relationship of the relationship. The decline of the public sphere needs to be saved through the real revolutionary action, and the convention system can be regarded as a republic. The ideal rule form of the regime. In addition, action, thinking, judgment and political virtues form the foundation of Ahrendt's theory of public domain. As an open ideological system, Ahrendt's public domain ideas must always face the test of the times, reflect the value of the times and are always in the development and improvement. Virtual technology and the Internet world. There is a new opportunity and new challenge for the realization of the ideal of public domain. The contemporary significance of Ahrendt's public domain thought lies in the fact that the public domain thought of Ahrendt can be used in the public sphere in China. On the basis of empirical research, this paper analyzes the overall structure, development mechanism and operating mechanism of China's public domain on the basis of empirical research, and summarizes the significance of the construction of the public domain in China, and explores the construction strategy of the Chinese public domain.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091

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