托克维尔民主思想评析
发布时间：2018-07-24 14:01
【摘要】：随着现代化的不断深入，民主已经成为衡量中国政治现代化程度的一个重要的维度。然而，在民主化的潮流中，中国政治民主建设正遭遇着不同程度的挑战。面对现实的民主问题，需要我们借鉴传统的民主思想。托克维尔成为了我们关注的焦点，因为他是对现代民主原则进行全面研究的第一位现代理论家。他在现代民主发展的早期就预见到了民主潜在的危机，而这些危机正在或即将构成对中国民主政治建设的挑战。我们需要认真对待托克维尔，对他的民主思想进行评析，正确的认识托克维尔。同时，，对托克维尔民主思想取其精华、去其糟粕。最终，为中国民主政治建设提供理论上和实践上的价值。 本文通过六个步骤来完成这个上述目标。首先，在进入正式的理论探讨之前，分析了当前国内外研究托克维尔民主思想的现状，阐明了本文的理论目标和研究方法。接着，立足于托克维尔的文本，阐释其民主思想的内涵，在此过程中，透视出托克维尔民主概念的综合性，即民主是自由、革命和专制的统一体。第三，进一步深入到托克维尔的文本内部，揭示出托克维尔民主的困境，即民主内部的自由与专制、革命与反革命的矛盾困境。第四，对托克维尔民主的困境进行诊断，发现托克维尔的民主人的病症是自我心理的描绘。由于托克维尔内心潜藏着的马克思与卢梭着两种身影，它们的对抗引起的焦虑构成了民主人普遍的心理病症。第五、立足于市民社会的场景，发现托克维尔民主困境深层结构属于一种意识形态性质，进而分析其民主思想的局限及其内在价值。最后，分析了当前中国民主政治建设遇到的挑战，即共同体层面、政治制度层面和政府政策层面的共识危机。而托克维尔关于结社制度、地方自治制度和陪审制度的政治设计，可以有助于促进当前中国民主政治建设的制度创新。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of modernization, democracy has become an important dimension to measure the degree of Chinese political modernization. However, in the trend of democratization, China's political democracy is facing varying degrees of challenges. Facing the reality of democracy, we need to learn from the traditional democratic thought. Tocqueville became the focus of our attention because he was the first modern theorist to conduct a comprehensive study of modern democratic principles. He foresaw the potential crisis of democracy in the early stage of the development of modern democracy, and these crises are or will pose a challenge to the construction of democracy in China. We need to take Tocqueville seriously, comment on his democratic ideas, and correctly understand Tocqueville. At the same time, Tocqueville's democratic thought takes its essence and goes to the dregs. Finally, it provides theoretical and practical value for China's democratic political construction. This paper uses six steps to accomplish this goal. First of all, before entering the formal theoretical discussion, this paper analyzes the current situation of research on Tocqueville's democratic thought at home and abroad, and clarifies the theoretical objectives and research methods of this paper. Then, based on the text of Tocqueville, it explains the connotation of Tocqueville's democratic thought, and in the process, perspective out the comprehensive concept of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, democracy is the unity of freedom, revolution and autocracy. Thirdly, it goes deep into Tocqueville's text and reveals the dilemma of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, freedom and autocracy within democracy, contradiction between revolution and counter-revolution. Fourth, to diagnose the plight of Tocqueville democracy and find that the symptoms of democracy in Tocqueville are the depiction of self-psychology. Because Marx and Rousseau are hidden in Tocqueville's heart, the anxiety caused by their confrontation constitutes the common psychological disorder of democracy. Fifthly, based on the scene of civil society, we find that the deep structure of Tocqueville's democratic dilemma belongs to an ideological nature, and then analyze the limitations of its democratic thought and its intrinsic value. Finally, the paper analyzes the current challenges in the construction of democratic politics in China, that is, the consensus crisis at the level of community, political system and government policy. Tocqueville's political design of association system, local autonomy system and jury system can help to promote the system innovation of China's democratic political construction.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2141602
[Abstract]:With the deepening of modernization, democracy has become an important dimension to measure the degree of Chinese political modernization. However, in the trend of democratization, China's political democracy is facing varying degrees of challenges. Facing the reality of democracy, we need to learn from the traditional democratic thought. Tocqueville became the focus of our attention because he was the first modern theorist to conduct a comprehensive study of modern democratic principles. He foresaw the potential crisis of democracy in the early stage of the development of modern democracy, and these crises are or will pose a challenge to the construction of democracy in China. We need to take Tocqueville seriously, comment on his democratic ideas, and correctly understand Tocqueville. At the same time, Tocqueville's democratic thought takes its essence and goes to the dregs. Finally, it provides theoretical and practical value for China's democratic political construction. This paper uses six steps to accomplish this goal. First of all, before entering the formal theoretical discussion, this paper analyzes the current situation of research on Tocqueville's democratic thought at home and abroad, and clarifies the theoretical objectives and research methods of this paper. Then, based on the text of Tocqueville, it explains the connotation of Tocqueville's democratic thought, and in the process, perspective out the comprehensive concept of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, democracy is the unity of freedom, revolution and autocracy. Thirdly, it goes deep into Tocqueville's text and reveals the dilemma of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, freedom and autocracy within democracy, contradiction between revolution and counter-revolution. Fourth, to diagnose the plight of Tocqueville democracy and find that the symptoms of democracy in Tocqueville are the depiction of self-psychology. Because Marx and Rousseau are hidden in Tocqueville's heart, the anxiety caused by their confrontation constitutes the common psychological disorder of democracy. Fifthly, based on the scene of civil society, we find that the deep structure of Tocqueville's democratic dilemma belongs to an ideological nature, and then analyze the limitations of its democratic thought and its intrinsic value. Finally, the paper analyzes the current challenges in the construction of democratic politics in China, that is, the consensus crisis at the level of community, political system and government policy. Tocqueville's political design of association system, local autonomy system and jury system can help to promote the system innovation of China's democratic political construction.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091
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