当代中国公共政策视域中传统政治价值的现代转换
发布时间：2018-08-11 19:36
【摘要】：通过制定并实施公共政策来管理国家公共事务、提供公共物品及服务,已经成为当代公权力机关实现有效治理的基本途径和主要方式。伴随越来越多社会问题的出现,对公共政策科学技术层面的研究已经不足以解决当前人们对政策价值问题的考问。从政治哲学层面思考公共政策的价值问题,应成为公共政策研究以及政府公共管理实践当中的重要内容。 具体到中国,以儒家政治价值为核心的传统政治价值观念长期地影响着中国政治社会的发展,公共政策价值也不可避免地受其影响和制约,出现许多与现代公共管理理念不符甚至相悖的政策价值问题。必须从传统政治价值的研究入手,将不适应现代公共管理要求的政策价值观念转变为符合公民普遍利益的价值观念,才能构建和完善现代公共政策价值体系,实现公共政策科学化、民主化、法制化。本文正是从中国的政治实际出发,分析传统政治价值对现代公共政策实践过程的影响,并提出转变传统政治价值观念、构建现代政策价值体系的几点建议。 公共政策价值是公共政策系统对于合理配置社会资源的某种效用,它包括三个层次：一是公民个人的政治理性对于自身生存发展及社会体系稳定持续的效用；二是公共政策过程对于公民个体需求进行规划、调配和满足的效用；三是作为代理人、契约履行者的公权力机关对于保证公共政策满足公民利益诉求的实际效果的效用。据此,本文按照每一个层次主体的要求,从公共政策客体、公共政策价值取向、公共政策主体三个维度展开分析。 政策客体层面,公民作为政策受众,在传统政治价值的影响下,普遍缺乏政治主体意识和政策参与意识,这使得政策合法性效力大大降低；政策价值取向层面,传统政治价值观念中公共领域与公共观念的缺失,使得政策无法真正做到以公民为本、以公共利益的实现为本；政策主体层面,中国传统社会“三位一体”的政治价值结构,使得政策制定和执行随意性强,无法得到法律的有效制约。因此,必须针对以上问题,实现由“臣民意识”向“公民意识”的转换、由“均平观念”向“公平观念”的转换、由“以民为本”向“以公民为本”的转换、由“君主独断”向“民主决策”的转换、由“统治”向“善治”的转换,才能有效解决公共政策价值方面的问题。 实现传统政治价值的转换,需要几代甚至几十代人政治社会化和文化传承的努力,是一个长期的历史过程。
[Abstract]:By making and implementing public policies to manage national public affairs and provide public goods and services, it has become the basic way and main way for modern public power organs to achieve effective governance. With the emergence of more and more social problems, the research on science and technology of public policy is not enough to solve the problem of policy value. Thinking about the value of public policy from the aspect of political philosophy should be an important content in the study of public policy and the practice of government public management. In China, the traditional political values with Confucian political value as the core have long influenced the development of Chinese political society, and the value of public policy is inevitably influenced and restricted by it. There are many problems of policy value which are inconsistent with modern public management. In order to construct and perfect the value system of modern public policy, we must start with the study of the traditional political value, and transform the policy value concept, which does not meet the requirements of modern public management, into one that conforms to the general interests of the citizens, so as to construct and perfect the value system of modern public policy. To realize the scientific, democratic and legalized public policy. This paper analyzes the influence of traditional political value on the process of modern public policy practice, and puts forward some suggestions on changing traditional political value concept and constructing modern policy value system. The value of public policy is the utility of the public policy system for the rational allocation of social resources. It includes three levels: first, the political rationality of individual citizens for their own survival and development and social system stable and sustainable utility; The second is the utility of the public policy process to plan, deploy and satisfy the individual needs of the citizen; the third is the utility of the public power organ as the agent and the executor of the contract to ensure that the public policy meets the interests of the citizens. According to the requirements of each level of subject, this paper analyzes from three dimensions: the object of public policy, the value orientation of public policy and the subject of public policy. Under the influence of traditional political value, citizens, as the policy audience, generally lack the consciousness of political subject and policy participation, which makes the validity of policy greatly reduced. The lack of public sphere and public concept in the traditional political values makes it impossible for the policy to be citizen-oriented and based on the realization of public interests, and the political value structure of the traditional Chinese society is "trinity" at the level of policy subject. Make the policy making and execution arbitrary, can not get the effective restriction of the law. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the transformation from "subject consciousness" to "citizen consciousness", from "equal equality concept" to "fair concept" and from "people-oriented" to "citizen oriented" in view of the above problems. The transformation from "monarchy" to "democratic decision making" and from "rule" to "good governance" can effectively solve the problem of public policy value. It is a long historical process to realize the transformation of traditional political value, which requires the efforts of political socialization and cultural inheritance of several generations or even tens of generations.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D035
本文编号：2178035
[Abstract]:By making and implementing public policies to manage national public affairs and provide public goods and services, it has become the basic way and main way for modern public power organs to achieve effective governance. With the emergence of more and more social problems, the research on science and technology of public policy is not enough to solve the problem of policy value. Thinking about the value of public policy from the aspect of political philosophy should be an important content in the study of public policy and the practice of government public management. In China, the traditional political values with Confucian political value as the core have long influenced the development of Chinese political society, and the value of public policy is inevitably influenced and restricted by it. There are many problems of policy value which are inconsistent with modern public management. In order to construct and perfect the value system of modern public policy, we must start with the study of the traditional political value, and transform the policy value concept, which does not meet the requirements of modern public management, into one that conforms to the general interests of the citizens, so as to construct and perfect the value system of modern public policy. To realize the scientific, democratic and legalized public policy. This paper analyzes the influence of traditional political value on the process of modern public policy practice, and puts forward some suggestions on changing traditional political value concept and constructing modern policy value system. The value of public policy is the utility of the public policy system for the rational allocation of social resources. It includes three levels: first, the political rationality of individual citizens for their own survival and development and social system stable and sustainable utility; The second is the utility of the public policy process to plan, deploy and satisfy the individual needs of the citizen; the third is the utility of the public power organ as the agent and the executor of the contract to ensure that the public policy meets the interests of the citizens. According to the requirements of each level of subject, this paper analyzes from three dimensions: the object of public policy, the value orientation of public policy and the subject of public policy. Under the influence of traditional political value, citizens, as the policy audience, generally lack the consciousness of political subject and policy participation, which makes the validity of policy greatly reduced. The lack of public sphere and public concept in the traditional political values makes it impossible for the policy to be citizen-oriented and based on the realization of public interests, and the political value structure of the traditional Chinese society is "trinity" at the level of policy subject. Make the policy making and execution arbitrary, can not get the effective restriction of the law. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the transformation from "subject consciousness" to "citizen consciousness", from "equal equality concept" to "fair concept" and from "people-oriented" to "citizen oriented" in view of the above problems. The transformation from "monarchy" to "democratic decision making" and from "rule" to "good governance" can effectively solve the problem of public policy value. It is a long historical process to realize the transformation of traditional political value, which requires the efforts of political socialization and cultural inheritance of several generations or even tens of generations.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D035
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