政治决策中的非理性行为研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 13:52

【摘要】：理性和非理性是影响人行为的两种基本精神要素，从古至今都受到理论家的高度重视。政治决策既是一个理性化的过程，同时非理性因素也在其中起着重要的作用。政治决策中的非理性行为是人在非理性因素消极作用的影响之下产生的。研究政治决策中个体非理性行为和群体非理性行为，抑制非理性行为在政治决策中的消极影响，发挥非理性因素的积极作用，是政治理论研究的一个重要课题。本文首先对非理性行为进行了一般性的概述，包括非理性行为的含义和特征，以及理性和非理性之间的关系。在此基础上分析了非理性行为对政治决策的积极和消极影响。其次，本文重点探讨了政治决策中的个体非理性行为和群体非理性行为的现象及作用。个体非理性行为主要包括：在一种特殊管理模式——克里斯玛管理模式下领袖的非理性行为；心理盲区引发政治决策中的非理性行为，比如“晕轮效应”、“惰性心理”“经验情节”等引发的非理性行为；人格扭曲和人格障碍导致的非理性行为。关于群体决策中的非理性行为，本文主要探讨了群体的极化现象、利益冲突下群体的非理性决策、群体的政治素养不足造成的非理性决策等。在风险状态之下，，个体政治决策和群体政治决策，因决策主体对于风险的认知程度不同、对风险偏好的不同，二者均可能产生政治决策的非理性行为。针对各种政治决策中的非理性行为，本文探讨一些调控的方法，以便达到正确决策的目的。一是要发挥政治决策中非理性因素的动力功能；二是通过提升素质，走出心里盲区，发挥群体的整合力等，克服非理性行为的消极影响；三是从决策程序、决策评估和决策监督等方面加强政治决策的合理性和科学性。
[Abstract]:Rationality and irrationality are two basic spiritual factors that influence human behavior, which have been highly valued by theorists since ancient times. Political decision-making is not only a rational process, but also plays an important role in it. The irrational behavior in political decision-making is produced under the negative influence of irrational factors. It is an important subject in political theory research to study individual irrational behavior and group irrational behavior in political decision-making, restrain the negative influence of irrational behavior in political decision-making, and play an active role in irrational factors. This paper first gives a general overview of irrational behavior, including the meaning and characteristics of irrational behavior, and the relationship between rationality and irrationality. On this basis, the positive and negative influence of irrational behavior on political decision is analyzed. Secondly, this paper focuses on the phenomenon and function of individual irrational behavior and group irrational behavior in political decision-making. The individual irrational behavior mainly includes: the leader's irrational behavior under a special management mode, the Kristma management mode, the irrational behavior in the political decision-making caused by the mental blind zone, such as the "halo effect", The irrational behavior caused by "lazy psychology" and "experiential plot"; the irrational behavior caused by personality distortion and personality disorder. With regard to the irrational behavior in group decision-making, this paper mainly discusses the phenomenon of group polarization, the irrational decision of group under the conflict of interests, and the irrational decision caused by the lack of political literacy of group, etc. Under the state of risk, both individual political decision and group political decision may produce irrational behavior of political decision because of different cognition of risk and different risk preference. In view of irrational behavior in various political decisions, this paper discusses some methods of regulation and control in order to achieve the purpose of correct decision making. One is to give full play to the power function of non-rational factors in political decision-making; the other is to overcome the negative influence of irrational behavior by improving quality, going out of the blind zone of the mind, giving play to the group's integration power, and third, from the decision-making process, To strengthen the rationality and scientific nature of political decision-making in the aspects of decision-making evaluation and decision-making supervision.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D0

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