梁启超国家思想探析
发布时间：2018-09-11 08:00
【摘要】： 19世纪末20世纪初,西方的各种思潮纷纷进入中国,许多探索救国的先进学者开始接受西方的思想,并且广泛传播。从器物文明到政治文明,在看到强大的西方拥有先进的科技和政治水平的同时,国人开始意识到要想改变中国落后的局面,必须从政治制度上入手。改良派思想家们就是其中的先驱,康有为、梁启超、严复都是改良派思想家的先驱,他们把“天赋人权”、“社会契约”、自由”、“平等”等观念介绍到中国。这些思想启蒙了国人的思想。其中梁启超的思想最为具有代表性,从戊戌变法直到20世纪二三十年代,他的思想从各个方面影响着近代化的历程。本文主要研究他的国家思想,戊戌变法失败后,他流亡日本,深受资产阶级启蒙思想的影响、启迪,逐渐形成了他特有的近代国家观念。 本文主要从特定的历史背景入手,分析在中国传统文化和西方近代思想影响下,梁启超对中西学术的融合和阐发,以及他的国家观念的内涵,主要阐述梁启超具有特色的民权思想、新民思想和宪政观念,以及他意图构建一个什么样的国家。本文认为,梁启超在本世纪初之所以能提出新民学说,主要是他流亡日本期间,受到以卢梭、伯伦知理等资产阶级启蒙思想家们的学说尤其是近代国家观的启发,认识到了“国民”在国家中的主体地位。可以说,资产阶级近代国家观和中国传统文化是形成梁启超国家观的重要理论依据。本文拟就梁启超的近代国家观作一系统和全面的探讨,并对他的思想进行浅显的评析,以及探索他的思想对现代思想的积极意义。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, all kinds of western thoughts came into China one after another, and many advanced scholars began to accept the idea of saving the country and spread it widely. From the weapon civilization to the political civilization, while seeing that the powerful West has advanced science and technology and political level, Chinese people begin to realize that to change the backward situation of China, we must start from the political system. The reformist thinkers are the pioneers, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Yan Fu are the pioneers of the reformist thinkers. They introduce to China the concepts of "human rights by nature", "social contract", "freedom", "equality" and so on. These thoughts enlighten the Chinese people. Liang Qichao's thought is the most representative, from the Reform Movement of 1898 to the twenties and thirties of the 20th century, his thought influences the process of modernization from various aspects. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, he went into exile in Japan, deeply influenced by bourgeois enlightenment, and gradually formed his unique modern concept of state. Under the influence of Chinese traditional culture and western modern thought, Liang Qichao's integration and interpretation of Chinese and Western learning, as well as the connotation of his national concept, are analyzed in this paper from the specific historical background. This paper mainly expounds Liang Qichao's characteristic thoughts of civil rights, new people and constitutionalism, and what kind of country he intends to build. This paper holds that Liang Qichao was able to put forward the New people's Theory at the beginning of this century mainly because during his exile in Japan, he was inspired by the doctrines of bourgeois enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau, Bologne and so on, especially the modern concept of state. Recognized the "national" in the main position of the country. It can be said that bourgeois modern state view and Chinese traditional culture are the important theoretical basis for forming Liang Qichao's state view. This paper intends to make a systematic and comprehensive discussion on Liang Qichao's views on the modern state, and to make a simple analysis of his thoughts, as well as to explore the positive significance of his thoughts to modern thought.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092
本文编号：2236091
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, all kinds of western thoughts came into China one after another, and many advanced scholars began to accept the idea of saving the country and spread it widely. From the weapon civilization to the political civilization, while seeing that the powerful West has advanced science and technology and political level, Chinese people begin to realize that to change the backward situation of China, we must start from the political system. The reformist thinkers are the pioneers, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Yan Fu are the pioneers of the reformist thinkers. They introduce to China the concepts of "human rights by nature", "social contract", "freedom", "equality" and so on. These thoughts enlighten the Chinese people. Liang Qichao's thought is the most representative, from the Reform Movement of 1898 to the twenties and thirties of the 20th century, his thought influences the process of modernization from various aspects. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, he went into exile in Japan, deeply influenced by bourgeois enlightenment, and gradually formed his unique modern concept of state. Under the influence of Chinese traditional culture and western modern thought, Liang Qichao's integration and interpretation of Chinese and Western learning, as well as the connotation of his national concept, are analyzed in this paper from the specific historical background. This paper mainly expounds Liang Qichao's characteristic thoughts of civil rights, new people and constitutionalism, and what kind of country he intends to build. This paper holds that Liang Qichao was able to put forward the New people's Theory at the beginning of this century mainly because during his exile in Japan, he was inspired by the doctrines of bourgeois enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau, Bologne and so on, especially the modern concept of state. Recognized the "national" in the main position of the country. It can be said that bourgeois modern state view and Chinese traditional culture are the important theoretical basis for forming Liang Qichao's state view. This paper intends to make a systematic and comprehensive discussion on Liang Qichao's views on the modern state, and to make a simple analysis of his thoughts, as well as to explore the positive significance of his thoughts to modern thought.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 敖福军;梁启超民族国家思想研究[D];中央民族大学;2011年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 姜炎炎;梁启超“群”视野下的民族建国思想研究[D];云南大学;2012年
，本文编号：2236091
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