托洛茨基主义的历史演进研究
发布时间：2018-10-11 11:03
【摘要】：托洛茨基主义是当代国外主要的社会主义思潮之一,历经近百年的发展作为一种思潮、派别、运动始终活跃在世界社会主义运动的舞台上。自20世纪二三十年代产生以来,托洛茨基主义经历了不断的危机、调整与发展变化,理论方面,秉承着不断革命论和世界革命论,托洛茨基主义发展了一系列独具特色的理论主张;组织方面,托派的发展经历了早期左翼反对派逐步发展到第四国际的时期以及不断危机与理论调整的复杂时期,逐步形成了今天相对分散的力量格局;实践上,托洛茨基主义力图推动工人运动发展,运用革命的方式在世界范围内统一建立起社会主义。自苏东剧变以来,世界托派组织在面对更复杂外部局势的同时,内部更是分崩离析。以托洛茨基主义作为指导思想的托派组织逐渐发展成为一支重要的极左派力量。托洛茨基主义在当前依然面临着理论转轨、组织统一和获得群众支持的现实挑战,亟待进一步的变革和调整。本文共分为六个部分,从历史、理论和现状三个维度,对托洛茨基主义的思想理论和实践活动进行最新考察和全面深入的剖析。第一部分阐述了托洛茨基主义作为一个名词到发展为一种思潮、派别、和运动的概念演变,并客观的分析了托洛茨基主义的产生不仅与俄国特殊的历史有关,与欧洲资本主义的发展也有密切的联系。第二部分论述了托洛茨基主义产生初期的基本表现,期间的托洛茨基主义以不断革命论为指导,成立了国内左翼反对派、国际左翼反对派等来组织自己的实践活动。第三部分阐明托洛茨基主义在1938年后遭受革命导师被暗杀以及革命失败主义的挫折陷入危机后所表现出来的理论与现实脱节等缺陷,并阐明其为自身的发展作出的适应性调整。第四部分剖析了托洛茨基主义在1968年后基于资本主义危机而进入短暂振兴发展期的态势。第五部阐明托洛茨基主义在1991年后面对新的时代条件进行了理论新反思、重组托派运动而进入平稳发展期。第六部分分析了托洛茨基主义的极左派立场,指明当前托洛茨基主义基于极左立场的束缚而无法摆脱分裂现状的现实困境。研究托洛茨基主义的历史演变、理论主张和实践活动,对于正确把握托洛茨基主义发展规律和托派组织活动状态具有重要作用,有助于我们厘清马克思主义与非马克思主义、科学社会主义与其他社会主义的界限,对于全面把握当今世界社会主义运动发展状况具有重要的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Trotsky Doctrine is one of the main socialist trends in contemporary foreign countries. After nearly 100 years of development, as a trend of thought, faction, the movement has always been active in the stage of the world socialist movement. Since the emergence of Trotskyism in the 1920s and 1930s, Trotskyism has experienced constant crisis, adjustment, development and change. In theory, Trotskyism is adhering to the theory of continuous revolution and the theory of world revolution. Trotskyism has developed a series of unique theoretical propositions. In the organizational aspect, the development of Trotskyism has experienced a period of gradual development of the early left-wing opposition to the fourth International, as well as a complex period of constant crisis and theoretical adjustment. In practice, Trotsky tried to promote the development of the workers' movement and to unify and build socialism in the world by means of revolution. Since the upheaval of Soviet Union and East Europe, the Trotskyist organization is facing more complicated external situation, but it is also falling apart. Trotskyism as the guiding ideology of the Trotskyism gradually developed into an important far-left force. At present, Trotskyism is still facing the realistic challenge of theoretical transformation, organizational unity and the support of the masses, so it is urgent to make further changes and adjustments. This article is divided into six parts, from the historical, theoretical and current three dimensions, Trotsky's ideological theory and practice of the latest investigation and comprehensive in-depth analysis. The first part expounds the evolution of the concept of Trotskyism as a noun to development into a trend of thought, faction, and movement, and objectively analyzes the emergence of Trotsky not only related to the special history of Russia. There are also close ties to the development of capitalism in Europe. The second part discusses the basic performance of Trotskyism at the beginning of its emergence. Trotskyism was guided by the theory of continuous revolution and organized its own practice activities, such as the domestic left-wing opposition and the international left-wing opposition. The third part expounds the defects of Trotsky doctrine after the assassination of its revolutionary mentor after 1938 and the disconnect between theory and reality after the setbacks of revolutionary defeatism fall into crisis, and expounds its adaptive adjustment for its own development. The fourth part analyzes the trend of Trotskyism in the period of brief rejuvenation and development based on capitalist crisis after 1968. The fifth part expounds that Trotskyism reconsidered in theory after 1991 and reorganized the Trotskyism movement into a stable development period. The sixth part analyzes the extreme left position of Trotskyism and points out that Trotsky is unable to get rid of the reality predicament of split status quo because of the bondage of extreme left position. The study of the historical evolution of Trotskyism, its theoretical propositions and practical activities plays an important role in correctly grasping the law of Trotskyism's development and the state of Trotskyism's organizational activities, which is helpful for us to clarify Marxism and non-Marxism. The boundary between scientific socialism and other socialism has important theoretical and practical significance for grasping the development of socialist movement in the world.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091.6
本文编号：2263954
[Abstract]:Trotsky Doctrine is one of the main socialist trends in contemporary foreign countries. After nearly 100 years of development, as a trend of thought, faction, the movement has always been active in the stage of the world socialist movement. Since the emergence of Trotskyism in the 1920s and 1930s, Trotskyism has experienced constant crisis, adjustment, development and change. In theory, Trotskyism is adhering to the theory of continuous revolution and the theory of world revolution. Trotskyism has developed a series of unique theoretical propositions. In the organizational aspect, the development of Trotskyism has experienced a period of gradual development of the early left-wing opposition to the fourth International, as well as a complex period of constant crisis and theoretical adjustment. In practice, Trotsky tried to promote the development of the workers' movement and to unify and build socialism in the world by means of revolution. Since the upheaval of Soviet Union and East Europe, the Trotskyist organization is facing more complicated external situation, but it is also falling apart. Trotskyism as the guiding ideology of the Trotskyism gradually developed into an important far-left force. At present, Trotskyism is still facing the realistic challenge of theoretical transformation, organizational unity and the support of the masses, so it is urgent to make further changes and adjustments. This article is divided into six parts, from the historical, theoretical and current three dimensions, Trotsky's ideological theory and practice of the latest investigation and comprehensive in-depth analysis. The first part expounds the evolution of the concept of Trotskyism as a noun to development into a trend of thought, faction, and movement, and objectively analyzes the emergence of Trotsky not only related to the special history of Russia. There are also close ties to the development of capitalism in Europe. The second part discusses the basic performance of Trotskyism at the beginning of its emergence. Trotskyism was guided by the theory of continuous revolution and organized its own practice activities, such as the domestic left-wing opposition and the international left-wing opposition. The third part expounds the defects of Trotsky doctrine after the assassination of its revolutionary mentor after 1938 and the disconnect between theory and reality after the setbacks of revolutionary defeatism fall into crisis, and expounds its adaptive adjustment for its own development. The fourth part analyzes the trend of Trotskyism in the period of brief rejuvenation and development based on capitalist crisis after 1968. The fifth part expounds that Trotskyism reconsidered in theory after 1991 and reorganized the Trotskyism movement into a stable development period. The sixth part analyzes the extreme left position of Trotskyism and points out that Trotsky is unable to get rid of the reality predicament of split status quo because of the bondage of extreme left position. The study of the historical evolution of Trotskyism, its theoretical propositions and practical activities plays an important role in correctly grasping the law of Trotskyism's development and the state of Trotskyism's organizational activities, which is helpful for us to clarify Marxism and non-Marxism. The boundary between scientific socialism and other socialism has important theoretical and practical significance for grasping the development of socialist movement in the world.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091.6
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