《白虎通义》政治思想研究

发布时间：2018-10-11 18:42

【摘要】：汉章帝时期召开的白虎观会议是一场重要的政治会议,《白虎通义》作为会议的重要成果,其所蕴含的政治思想对于传统中国社会有着极大的影响。《白虎通义》的宇宙论基于阴阳五行这种传统的思维模式,突出了宇宙的整体性、关联性、秩序性；其道德论强调了道德的普遍存在性,尤其突出了人天生具有仁义礼智信的五常之性；其历史观以“三皇之世”作为理想,强调政治理想状况应该为万物自然有序、政治清要简明、人民安居乐业的局面。这一整套的宇宙论、道德论、历史观为其政治思想奠定了具有普遍意义的哲学基础。《白虎通义》的政治思想以人间秩序作为主题,重点考察的是如何把社会加以组织、整顿和建设。该书分两个方面对这个主题进行了考察：一方面以基层社会秩序进行了考察。它对社会秩序的规定以乡党社会作为重心,而以“三纲六纪”作为社会秩序之基点。其中,“三纲”构成社会秩序中最重要的中心环节,“六纪”是对“三纲”所规定的社会秩序进行进一步地完善补充。“三纲六纪”所规范的社会秩序以道德为基础,强调调动社会中每一种能进行自我调节的力量以不治理达到最大程度的治理。另一方面考察了政府组织对于维护社会秩序的作用。在政府设置上突出了“有德者有其位”这一原则,强调在上位者对于普通民众要起到模范带头作用。其设置的政府职能非常简单,基本可以用“保其社稷,和其民人”来概括。这种政府职能与“三纲六纪”中以个人自治作为社会秩序之基础相适应,都充分体现了对个体生命之尊重。中国乡土社会中凭借德行建立社会权威的传统延续长达千年,其对于维护基层社会秩序的稳定发挥了相当大的作用。时至今日,《白虎通义》政治思想所提倡的个人进行道德约束、人际交往中遵循基本的道德原则、在社会自治的基础上简化政府职能等政治思想对当代社会仍有重要的启示作用。
[Abstract]:The Conference on the View of the White Tiger held during the reign of Emperor Han Dynasty was an important political conference, and "White Tiger Tong Yi" was regarded as an important result of the meeting. The political thought contained in it has a great influence on the traditional Chinese society. The cosmology of "White Tiger to the meaning" is based on the traditional thinking mode of "Yin Yang" and "five elements", which highlights the wholeness, relevance and order of the universe. His moral theory emphasizes the universal existence of morality, especially the nature of the five ordinary people who are born with benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith.His view of history takes "the world of the three emperors" as its ideal, and emphasizes that the political ideal situation should be natural and orderly for all things. Political clarity should be concise and the people should live and work in peace and contentment. This whole set of cosmology, moral theory and historical view has laid a philosophical foundation of universal significance for his political thought. The political thought of Bai Hu Tong Yi takes the human order as the theme. The focus is on how to organize, rectify and build society. The book is divided into two aspects of this theme: on the one hand, to the grass-roots social order to investigate. Its stipulation of social order takes the society of the township party as the center of gravity, and takes "three principles and six periods" as the basic point of the social order. Among them, the "three principles" constitute the most important central link in the social order, and the "six years" is a further complement to the social order stipulated in the "three principles". The social order regulated by "three principles and six dynasties" is based on morality and emphasizes the mobilization of every kind of self-regulating power in the society to achieve the maximum degree of governance without governance. On the other hand, it examines the role of government organizations in maintaining social order. The principle of "having virtue has its place" has been highlighted in the government setting, emphasizing that the superior should play an exemplary and leading role for the ordinary people. Its government function is very simple, basically can use "protect its country, and its people" to generalize. This kind of government function adapts to the individual autonomy as the basis of social order in the three principles and six dynasties, and fully embodies the respect for individual life. The tradition of establishing social authority by virtue of virtue in Chinese local society has lasted for thousands of years, which has played a significant role in maintaining the stability of social order at the grass-roots level. To this day, the political thoughts such as "Bai Hu Tong Yi" advocated by the political thought to carry on the moral restriction, to follow the basic moral principle in the interpersonal communication, and to simplify the government function on the basis of the social autonomy still have the important enlightenment function to the contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092

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