斯大林民族关系理论研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 08:30

【摘要】：斯大林在处理民族关系上一直包含争议,但是无法否认的是他对马克思主义民族理论进行了重要补充和创新。而依据其民族关系理论所制定的民族政策在那个特殊的历史时期是取得了一定的成果。1924年至1953年,斯大林执政期间,他提出并制定了多条民族关系理论与政策,不仅对苏联的民族发展影响深远,而且直至今日他的民族理论还被我国吸纳创新。斯大林的民族关系理论作为其民族理论的重要组成部分,是其民族政策最直接反应。通过阅读斯大林民族问题著作发现,斯大林民族关系理论可以从民族平等、民族团结、民族互助、民族融合四个方面去论述。结合相应的时代背景,发现斯大林民族关系理论的初衷是好的,尤其是他对民族平等理论的补充,第一次清晰的阐述了民族间不平等的实质,并把保护民族平等落实到法律层面,但在具体实施上又充满理想主义色彩,他试图想要从方方面面去保证各民族的平等,却在后期慢慢僵化,反倒弄巧成拙,这一点同样体现在民族互助理论中,他在理论层面论述里,要促进民族的发展,带动落后民族经济的腾飞,必须以帮扶为手段,政策为其倾斜,然而,他盲目地想要快速拉平先进民族和落后民族的差距,但不考虑各民族的具体实际,在前期是取得的一定的效果,激发了落后民族人民的生产积极性,提高了各少数民族地区经济的发展,但在后期这种一味的帮扶政策也渐渐地激化了民族矛盾,为民族分离埋下了种子。出现偏差的原因,有两个,排除其个人因素,其中一个就是,斯大林急切的想解决苏联的民族问题,又对苏联社会主义的建设盲目乐观,在20世纪三十年代就宣布苏联已经建成了社会主义,而且民族问题已经得到了解决。这种盲目自信和急切的心理为苏联的民族问题埋下很多隐患。第二个原因是,在斯大林执政后期,对出现的民族问题,他试图通过人为的手段去强制塑造民族共同性来解决,所以出现的大俄罗斯沙文主义和政治清洗也就会不足为怪了。正所谓“前车之鉴”,“后事之师”,从某一方面来说,苏联和我国同处于复杂的多民族国家,在处理民族问题上我国有很多可以借鉴之处,恰好斯大林在处理民族关系上的成功和教训可以作为我国的一个宝贵的参考实验室,极具价值。同时斯大林民族关系理论与我国现阶段提出的“交往”、“交流”、“交融”的三交理论有着异曲同工之妙,对把握和深化三交理论有着巨大的理论价值,也是我国民族关系构建中的理论创新。
[Abstract]:Stalin has always been controversial in dealing with ethnic relations, but it cannot be denied that he made an important supplement and innovation to Marxist national theory. However, the ethnic policy formulated according to his theory of ethnic relations achieved certain results in that particular historical period. From 1924 to 1953, during Stalin's reign, he put forward and formulated several theories and policies on ethnic relations. It not only has a profound influence on the national development of the Soviet Union, but also has been absorbed and innovated by our country to this day. Stalin's national relation theory, as an important part of his national theory, is the most direct response of his national policy. By reading Stalin's work on ethnic issues, it is found that Stalin's theory of ethnic relations can be discussed from four aspects: national equality, national unity, national mutual assistance and ethnic integration. Combined with the corresponding background of the times, it is found that Stalin's theory of ethnic relations was originally good, especially his supplement to the theory of national equality, which for the first time clearly expounded the essence of the inequality among nationalities. And to protect national equality to the legal level, but in the concrete implementation is full of idealism, he tried to ensure the equality of all ethnic groups from all aspects, but slowly ossified in the latter stage, but self-defeating, This is also reflected in the theory of mutual assistance among nationalities. In his theoretical discussion, in order to promote the development of the nation and promote the economic development of the backward nationalities, it is necessary to take help as a means and the policy as its inclination. However, He blindly wanted to close the gap between the advanced and the backward nationalities quickly, but he did not take into account the specific reality of the various ethnic groups and achieved certain results in the early stage, which stimulated the productive enthusiasm of the people of the backward nationalities. The economic development of the minority areas has been improved, but in the later period this kind of policy has gradually intensified the ethnic contradictions and planted the seeds for the ethnic separation. There are two reasons for the deviation. One is that Stalin is eager to solve the ethnic problems of the Soviet Union and is blindly optimistic about the socialist construction of the Soviet Union. In the 1930 s, it was declared that the Soviet Union had built socialism and that ethnic problems had been solved. This blind self-confidence and eagerness of mind for the Soviet Union's ethnic problems buried a lot of hidden dangers. The second reason is that in the later years of Stalin's administration, he tried to solve the ethnic problems by artificial means to create national commonality, so the great Russian chauvinism and political cleansing will not be surprising. In a certain way, the Soviet Union and China are both in a complex multi-ethnic country, and our country has many lessons to learn from in dealing with ethnic issues. Stalin's success and lessons in dealing with ethnic relations can be used as a valuable reference laboratory in China. At the same time, Stalin's theory of ethnic relations has great theoretical value in grasping and deepening the theory of "communication", "exchange" and "blending", which has been put forward by China at the present stage. It is also the theoretical innovation in the construction of national relations in China.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091

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