当代美国新自由主义政治哲学研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 17:34

【摘要】： 以罗尔斯、诺齐克和德沃金为代表的当代美国新自由主义政治哲学的产生,一方面是在批判继承自由主义传统理论基础上,对启蒙政治叙事未竞事业的继续;同时也是面对美国民权运动和西方福利国家的兴衰做出的理论反应。罗尔斯的正义理论,从《正义论》到《政治自由主义》,再到《作为公平的正义——正义新论》,体现了面对理性多元论的事实,从社会正义向政治正义诉求的转变,也体现了基于自由解决现实不平等的理论追求。诺齐克的《无政府、国家与乌托邦》,通过对国家起源、国家功能和理想国家的阐述,以个人权利为道德边际约束,以持有正义来反对一切形式的分配正义,体现对基于个人权利的平等的坚持。德沃金通过抽象平等原则来协调平等与自由的关系,并以资源平等理论作为解决现实不平等的出路。在当代美国新自由主义内部,三人在个人主义理论基础、政治价值选择和政治理想与制度设计方面反映了各自的独特性。而与社群主义、新保守主义之间的争论,则显示了当代美国新自由主义的共同特征。
[Abstract]:The emergence of contemporary American neoliberal political philosophy, represented by Rawls, Nozick and Dworkin, is the continuation of the cause of enlightening political narration on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the traditional theory of liberalism. It is also a theoretical response to the rise and fall of the American civil rights movement and the western welfare state. Rawls' theory of justice, from the theory of justice to the theory of political liberalism and to the new theory of justice as fairness, embodies the transformation from social justice to political justice in the face of the fact of rational pluralism. It also reflects the theoretical pursuit of solving the real inequality based on freedom. Nozick's anarchy, State and Utopia, through the elaboration of the origin, function, and ideal state of the state, the moral marginal constraint of individual rights, the holding of justice against all forms of distributive justice, To embody the principle of equality based on individual rights. Dworkin coordinates the relationship between equality and freedom through the principle of abstract equality and takes the theory of equality of resources as the way to solve the inequality in reality. In contemporary American neoliberalism, the three men reflect their uniqueness in the theoretical basis of individualism, the choice of political value and the design of political ideal and system. The controversy with communitarianism and neoconservatism shows the common features of contemporary American neoliberalism.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

【相似文献】