马基雅维利的廉政思想研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 20:03

【摘要】： 马基雅维利在对罗马历史的研究中,用了大量的文字来讨论自由与腐败的关系,这就构成了马基雅维利的廉政思想的主体内容。自由与腐败到底是一种怎样的关系?马基雅维利到底有没有重视过腐败的问题?经过研究,我发现马基雅维利的“政治腐败观”继承了亚里士多德开创的“政体的腐败”的研究思路,他的廉政思想渗透到对政体形式的研究当中,但是又有所不同。因为他当时面临着两种不同的腐败：基督教的腐败和世俗政权的腐败。马基雅维利关于政体腐败的原因的探究主要是围绕着自由与腐败的关系展开。马基雅维利提出了“腐败的土壤”的概念,他说“城市中的民众没有腐败,这样的城市易于管理；有平等的地方,难以建立君主国,没有平等的地方,难以建立共和国”,在马基雅维利看来,人是容易腐败的,这是造成政体腐败的主要原因。在解决基督教的腐败的时候,需要借助于一个强大和稳定的共和国,但是佛罗伦萨由于没有自由的土壤,这种共和国很难建立。虽然腐败的人民很难建立自由的共和国,但是马基雅维利提出了防止政体腐败的长期的对策,如为了避免单一政体的弊端而采用混合政体,运用宗教和法律的力量来改善腐败的土壤,提出发生内部腐败的时候,想要革除弊端的人,如果没有十足的把握,就应该首先学会妥协,不至于刺激它想出革故鼎新的办法。这句忠告对于立志于革除弊端的人都应该慎重考虑。在讨论了马基雅维利的廉政思想以后,最后指出马基雅维利的廉政思想对于中国政治文明建设的启示,社会的稳定状态只有在自由和腐败之间达到一定的平衡时才能体现出来。中国在不搞三权分立和多党执政的前提下应该更多的挖掘人民代表大会制度的潜力,逐步地提高人民的参政能力。
[Abstract]:In the study of Roman history, Machiavelli used a lot of words to discuss the relationship between freedom and corruption, which formed the main content of Machiavelli's clean government thought. What is the relationship between freedom and corruption? Does Machiavelli really care about corruption? Through research, I find that Machiavelli's "political corruption" inherits Aristotle's idea of "corruption of polity", and his idea of clean government permeates into the study of form of government, but it is different. Because he faced two different kinds of corruption: Christian corruption and secular regime corruption. Machiavelli's research on the causes of polity corruption mainly revolves around the relationship between freedom and corruption. Machiavelli put forward the concept of "the soil of corruption," saying that "cities are free from corruption, and such cities are easy to manage; where there is equality, it is difficult to establish a monarchy, and without equality, it is difficult to establish a republic." In Machiavelli's view, people are prone to corruption, which is the main cause of political corruption. In dealing with Christian corruption, a strong and stable republic was needed, but Florence was difficult to establish because it had no soil for freedom. Although it is difficult for corrupt people to establish a free republic, Machiavelli has put forward long-term measures to prevent the corruption of the polity, such as the adoption of a mixed system of government in order to avoid the disadvantages of a single regime, Using the power of religion and law to improve the soil of corruption, it is suggested that when internal corruption occurs, those who want to get rid of malpractices should first learn to compromise if they are not sure, so as not to stimulate them to come up with ways to reform the old and the new. This advice should be carefully considered for those who are determined to get rid of their malpractices. After discussing Machiavelli's idea of clean government, it is pointed out that the enlightenment of Machiavelli's thought of clean government to the construction of Chinese political civilization is that the stable state of society can only be reflected when there is a certain balance between freedom and corruption. Without the separation of powers and multi-party rule, China should tap the potential of the people's Congress system and gradually improve the people's ability to participate in politics.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

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