卢梭平等思想研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 14:00
【摘要】：平等是现代政治哲学研究的一项重要课题。卢梭对于平等观的论述具有划时代意义。他以自然人性为起点,通过批判现代国家自然法的不平等起源凸显人类社会从平等到不平等的发展历程。同时,在此基础上,他试图运用“公意”打破现代社会不平等状态,运用契约赋予每个社会成员——公民的社会身份建立相对平等的社会关系。卢梭的平等观对于后世政治哲学具有巨大的启发意义。萨拜因认为,卢梭“对于社会的再发现”开启了关于黑格尔和马克思在内的一个全新的社会理论传统。而列奥·施特劳斯在《现代性的三次浪潮》、《卢梭：那转折的一幕》等文章中则明确指出,卢梭是第一个从现代性内部反思现代性的思想家,卢梭关于不平等的批判和社会联合思想构成了马克思哲学的重要问题意识和理论前提。本文着眼于卢梭的平等观问题,通过史学考察方式呈现卢梭平等观的核心问题；并运用马克思的唯物史观视角,探索卢梭与马克思之间关于平等问题的传承关系,以及马克思对于这一问题的解决。在此思路下,本文主要分为三个部分：第一部分,探讨、比较近现代政治哲学家的平等观,追踪平等观的哲学史沿革,呈现卢梭平等观的理论传承关系及其在近现代政治哲学思想家中的地位和突破性价值；第二部分,以文献史的方法,探讨卢梭平等观的核心问题。其中包括卢梭批判现代社会的起点、人的自然状态预设、私有财产原罪与公民社会的产生、“公意”社会、立法和国家之间的问题及卢梭对此问题的解决途径。第三部分,以马克思的唯物史观为基础,探讨卢梭平等观与马克思思想之间的传承关系,同时以马克思思想为原则,对卢梭的平等思想进行总体评价。总的来说,卢梭关于平等观的论述具有重要意义。首先,卢梭立足于平等观点对十八世纪理性主义传统和自然法体系的批判,这对理解现代社会具有深远影响。其次,卢梭对于平等观的论述深刻地启发了马克思。马克思对于卢梭平等观的思想中有益的成分作为自己的理论根源,但又保持着与卢梭不同的无产阶级立场,通过对资本主义的批判来揭露资产阶级平等思想的虚假,进而展示了人人自由、平等且全面发展的共产主义图景。
[Abstract]:Equality is an important subject in the study of modern political philosophy. Rousseau's theory of equality is of epoch-making significance. Taking natural human nature as the starting point, he highlighted the development of human society from equality to inequality through criticizing the origin of inequality of natural law in modern countries. At the same time, on this basis, he tries to use "public will" to break the state of inequality in modern society, and to establish a relatively equal social relationship with the social identity of each member of the society. Rousseau's view of equality has great enlightening significance for later political philosophy. Sabine believes that Rousseau's rediscovery of society opens a new tradition of social theory, including Hegel and Marx. In three waves of modernity, Rousseau: the turning scene, Leo Strauss clearly pointed out that Rousseau was the first thinker to reflect modernity from the inside of modernity. Rousseau's criticism of inequality and social union constitute the important problem consciousness and theoretical premise of Marx's philosophy. This paper focuses on Rousseau's concept of equality, presents the core problem of Rousseau's view of equality through historical investigation, and explores the inheritance relationship between Rousseau and Marx on the issue of equality from the perspective of Marx's historical materialism. And Marx's solution to this problem. In this way of thinking, this paper is divided into three parts: the first part, discusses, compares the modern and modern political philosophers' view of equality, tracks the evolution of the philosophy of equality view, It presents the theoretical inheritance of Rousseau's theory of equality and its position and breakthrough value in modern political philosophy. The second part discusses the core issues of Rousseau's view of equality by the method of literature history. It includes the starting point of Rousseau's critique of modern society, the presupposition of man's natural state, the original sin of private property and the emergence of civil society, the problems between the "public will" society, the legislation and the state, and Rousseau's solution to this problem. The third part, on the basis of Marx's historical materialism, discusses the inheritance relationship between Rousseau's concept of equality and Marx's thought. At the same time, taking Marx's thought as the principle, the author evaluates Rousseau's thought of equality as a whole. In general, Rousseau's exposition on the concept of equality is of great significance. Firstly, Rousseau criticizes the rationalism tradition and natural law system in the 18th century, which has a profound influence on the understanding of modern society. Secondly, Rousseau's exposition on the concept of equality deeply inspired Marx. Marx's thought of Rousseau's concept of equality was rooted in his own theory, but he maintained a proletarian position different from that of Rousseau and exposed the falsehood of the idea of bourgeois equality through criticism of capitalism. In turn, it showed the communist vision of freedom, equality and full development for all.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B565.26
本文编号：2283388
[Abstract]:Equality is an important subject in the study of modern political philosophy. Rousseau's theory of equality is of epoch-making significance. Taking natural human nature as the starting point, he highlighted the development of human society from equality to inequality through criticizing the origin of inequality of natural law in modern countries. At the same time, on this basis, he tries to use "public will" to break the state of inequality in modern society, and to establish a relatively equal social relationship with the social identity of each member of the society. Rousseau's view of equality has great enlightening significance for later political philosophy. Sabine believes that Rousseau's rediscovery of society opens a new tradition of social theory, including Hegel and Marx. In three waves of modernity, Rousseau: the turning scene, Leo Strauss clearly pointed out that Rousseau was the first thinker to reflect modernity from the inside of modernity. Rousseau's criticism of inequality and social union constitute the important problem consciousness and theoretical premise of Marx's philosophy. This paper focuses on Rousseau's concept of equality, presents the core problem of Rousseau's view of equality through historical investigation, and explores the inheritance relationship between Rousseau and Marx on the issue of equality from the perspective of Marx's historical materialism. And Marx's solution to this problem. In this way of thinking, this paper is divided into three parts: the first part, discusses, compares the modern and modern political philosophers' view of equality, tracks the evolution of the philosophy of equality view, It presents the theoretical inheritance of Rousseau's theory of equality and its position and breakthrough value in modern political philosophy. The second part discusses the core issues of Rousseau's view of equality by the method of literature history. It includes the starting point of Rousseau's critique of modern society, the presupposition of man's natural state, the original sin of private property and the emergence of civil society, the problems between the "public will" society, the legislation and the state, and Rousseau's solution to this problem. The third part, on the basis of Marx's historical materialism, discusses the inheritance relationship between Rousseau's concept of equality and Marx's thought. At the same time, taking Marx's thought as the principle, the author evaluates Rousseau's thought of equality as a whole. In general, Rousseau's exposition on the concept of equality is of great significance. Firstly, Rousseau criticizes the rationalism tradition and natural law system in the 18th century, which has a profound influence on the understanding of modern society. Secondly, Rousseau's exposition on the concept of equality deeply inspired Marx. Marx's thought of Rousseau's concept of equality was rooted in his own theory, but he maintained a proletarian position different from that of Rousseau and exposed the falsehood of the idea of bourgeois equality through criticism of capitalism. In turn, it showed the communist vision of freedom, equality and full development for all.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B565.26
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