明清政治思想的流变及其特点

发布时间：2018-11-09 12:26

【摘要】：明清是中国王权专制发展到顶峰并迅速跌落的历史时期,其经济、政治、文化、对外关系诸方面除承继宋元遗产外,还出现了一些新的变化,表现在政治思想发展上就是继承、裂变、反思与批判并存,大体上形成了三条脉络相对清晰的流变路向:第一条是以朱元璋等诸帝王为代表的集权主义治国思想,站在与帝王立场为专治王权张目;第二条是以李贽、黄宗羲等人为代表的异端、反思思潮,站在帝王相异的立场上对君主政治进行深刻的反思与批判;第三条是以龚自珍、林则徐、魏源为代表的改革派思想,站在爱国主义立场倡导经世致用,提出了强国御侮、师夷长技的时代要求,为中国政治思想实现由古典向近代转型奠定了基础。时代的变迁促使这一时期的政治思想发生了剧烈而鲜明的流变,其特点表现为三个方面:一元独尊与多元共生并存,士大夫群体政治意识的抗争性与突破性,崇实黜虚与师夷革故。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing dynasties were the historical period in which the autocracy of Wang Quan reached its peak and fell rapidly. In addition to inheriting the legacy of Song and Yuan dynasties, the economic, political, cultural and foreign relations of Wang Quan also brought about some new changes, which were manifested in the inheritance of political ideology. Fission, introspection and critique coexisted, and generally formed three relatively clear lines of change: the first is the totalitarianism thought represented by Zhu Yuanzhang and other emperors, standing in the position of emperors as the only rule for Wang Quan Zhang Mu; The second is the heresy represented by Li Zhi, Huang Zongxi and others, reflecting on the trend of thought, and deeply introspecting and criticizing the monarch politics on the basis of the monarch's different stand. The third is that the reformist ideology, represented by Gong Zizhen, Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, stands in the position of patriotism and advocates the practical use of the world, and puts forward the requirements of the times for the powerful nation to resist aggression and to teach the long technique of barbarians. It laid a foundation for the transformation of Chinese political thought from classical to modern times. The vicissitude of the times made the political thought of this period change sharply and vividly, and its characteristics were as follows: one dollar alone and multiple symbiosis, the resistance and breakthrough of the political consciousness of literati and bureaucrats. Worship the truth to depose the empty and the teacher razed the reason.
【作者单位】：山东大学政治学与公共管理学院;湖南大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国传统政治文化与坚持走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路研究”(13&ZD008) 山东大学自主创新基金青年团队项目“传统政治文化与中国特色社会主义政治发展道路研究”之分课题“从传统‘民本’到‘人本’:中国特色社会主义政治民主研究”(IFYT12100)
【分类号】：D092

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