罗尔斯妒忌观研究

发布时间：2018-11-12 09:35

【摘要】：正义是人类永恒追求的价值，也是社会制度的首要美德。建构任何一种正义理论，都无法忽视妒忌问题，罗尔斯的正义理论也不例外。1971年罗尔斯的经典之作——《正义论》出版，标志着政治哲学和平等主义的复兴。他在西方契约传统基础上抽象出自己的正义理论。罗尔斯假定，原初状态中相互冷漠的各方在无知之幕之后，择出正义二原则：平等自由原则和差别原则。差别原则引起的妒忌可能影响罗尔斯式的良序社会和理论构建。罗尔斯将妒忌作为例证讨论某些特殊社会心理对正义原则择出的影响，他的定义是康德式的，妒忌是怀有敌意看待他人的较大的善，即使他们比我们幸运，也没有减损我们的善的倾向。由于妒忌的破坏性，罗尔斯将妒忌排除在外。罗尔斯的这种论证方法，在规范与事实间存在理论脱节，不具有历史现实意义。人们在选择正义原则时，妒忌不可能被排除。罗尔斯的正义社会也是乌托邦，原初状态中不考虑妒忌，导致正义二原则本身的矛盾，私有制条件下他们的矛盾是不可调和的，罗尔斯不可能联想到对私有制和社会基本制度的改造取消，也未涉及妒忌社会向非妒忌社会转型。罗尔斯的妒忌观也存在应然与实然之间的矛盾。在应然意义方面，原初状态里不存在妒忌，不会影响正义原则择出和正义理论构建；在实然意义方面，从古至今，妒忌无处不在。如果彻底地将妒忌排除，须消灭私有制，罗尔斯的理想应该向马克思的理想迈进。我们当然不能以历史的维度真实再现罗尔斯的正义理论，但他指出我们应该排除人性之恶——妒忌，去追寻社会理想，以及倾听他用新契约主义包装的一些道德忠告和政治建议。当前我国正在全面建设小康社会与和谐社会，和谐社会是一个命运共同体，共建共享互助是公平正义的原则。从现实的维度正视妒忌，才是科学的消妒之道。借鉴罗尔斯的妒忌观，为我所用，可以丰富和发展马克思主义理论的研究域，加强对弱势群体的人文关怀和心理疏导，，在全社会培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的心态。论文分为六部分：第一部分：导论。介绍本选题的理论意义和实用价值、国内外研究动向和本选题的研究内容与方法。第二部分：采用历时性和共时性的研究方法，探究西方妒忌的缘起、勃兴和流变，指出罗尔斯妒忌观的理论渊源。从时代、文化及个人背景三个维度分析罗尔斯妒忌观的提出背景。第三部分：罗尔斯妒忌观的基本思想。主要阐释罗尔斯妒忌观的涵义以及和康德妒忌观的关系，辨别妒忌与自尊，妒忌与平等的关系。第四部分：罗尔斯妒忌观与正义论的关系。主要论述罗尔斯的妒忌观与原初状态以及正义二原则的关系。第五部分：罗尔斯妒忌观的理论意义和实践意义。说明罗尔斯的正义理论和妒忌观对构建和谐社会、思想政治教育有重要参考价值。第六部分：结论与展望。详细分析了罗尔斯妒忌观的优势和存在的问题。批评罗尔斯消除妒忌的方法是不彻底的，只能缓和妒忌。说明只有到了共产主义社会，在实现了人的全面发展的自由王国里，消灭了私有制，才能消除妒忌。
[Abstract]:Justice is the value of the eternal pursuit of human, and is the first virtue of the social system. The construction of any kind of justice theory can't ignore the envy problem, and Rawls's theory of justice is no exception. In 1971, the classic works of Rawls _----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------He abstracted his theory of justice on the basis of the western contract tradition. The two principles of justice, the principle of equality and the principle of difference, are chosen by the parties who are indifferent to each other in the initial state after the act of ignorance. The jealousy that is caused by the principle of difference may influence the well-ordered social and theoretical construction of Rawls. Rawls will be jealous as an example of the effects of certain special social psychology on the principles of justice, and his definition is that Kant's, jealous, and hostile view of the great goodness of others, even if they are more fortunate than us, and have not diminished our tendency to do good. Rawls will be jealous of envy as a result of the destructive nature of the envy. This method of proof of Rawls is not of historical and practical significance in the connection between the specification and the fact. It is not possible for people to be excluded when choosing the principle of justice. The justice society of Rawls is also a Utopia. In the original state, the jealousy is not considered, which leads to the contradiction of the two principles of justice, the contradiction between them is irreconcilable, and Rawls can't associate with the cancellation of the transformation of the private system and the basic system of the society. nor is it involved in the social transformation of the jealous society to the non-jealous society. Rawls's view of jealousy also has the contradiction between the nature and the reality. in that sense of necessity, there is no envy in the original state, which will not affect the choice of the principle of justice and the construction of the theory of justice. If the envy is to be eliminated completely, the private ownership must be eliminated, and the ideal of Rawls should move towards the ideal of Marx. Of course, we can't actually reproduce Rawls's theory of justice in a historical dimension, but he points out that we should rule out the evil of humanity _ envy, to pursue social ideals, and to listen to some of the moral and political advice he has packaged with the new compact. At present, we are building a well-off society and a harmonious society in an all-round way. The harmonious society is a destiny community, and the co-construction and sharing of mutual assistance is the principle of fairness and justice. It is the way of science to view the jealousy from the realistic dimension. We can enrich and develop the research field of the Marxist theory, strengthen the humane care and psychological guidance to the vulnerable groups, and cultivate the self-confidence, the rational and the positive attitude in the whole society. The paper is divided into six Part: First Part: Introduction. The theoretical and practical value of this topic, the research trend at home and abroad, and the study of this topic are introduced. content and method. Part two: using diachronic and common-time research methods, exploring the origin, development and change of western jealousy, and pointing out the view of Rawls' jealous view. From the three dimensions of age, culture and personal background, the author analyzes the view of Rawls' jealousy. The third part: Rawls' jealous view The main idea is to explain the meaning of the Rawls' jealous view and the relationship between the view of the jealous and the self-respect, the jealousy and the jealousy. The fourth part: Mr. Rawls's view of jealousy and the positive The relationship between the sense of jealousy and the original state and the justice of Rawls. The relationship of the principle. Part five: The theory of Rawls' jealous view. The theory of justice and the view of jealousy of Rawls are of great importance to the construction of a harmonious society and the education of ideological and political education. Reference value. Part 6: Conclusion and prospect. The advantage of Rawls' jealous view is analyzed in detail. There's a problem. Criticizing Rawls's method of eliminating envy is incomplete. It is only to the communist society that, in the realm of the free kingdom that realizes the full development of the human, the private ownership is eliminated.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D09

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