伯恩施坦社会主义理论的哲学思考
发布时间：2018-11-22 08:13
【摘要】：伯恩施坦对社会主义的探讨主要集中在社会主义基本内涵和实现道路问题上，他的社会主义理论的哲学前提是新康德主义中的主观唯心主义，在方法论上主张用折中主义取代唯物辩证法。伯恩施坦反对第二国际时期人们对历史发展客观必然性的教条化坚持，强调历史发展中“非物质因素”作用。从表面上看强调历史发展的主体作用非常必要，实质上伯恩施坦想用新康德主义的“伦理社会主义”来补充科学社会主义，，抬高社会发展过程中非物质因素的作用，从而否认历史发展的必然性，用二元论取代历史唯物主义一元论。 伯恩施坦用片面、零散的经济材料、数据为依据，否认资本积累的一般趋势，把剩余价值学说当道德用语，根本否定了资本主义社会运动客观规律性。他在社会主义实现道路问题上提出用民主的手段“和平长入”社会主义。他片面强调对无产阶级点滴权益的争取，把无产阶级眼前利益和根本利益割裂，把社会主义运动的过程和结果割裂，把专政和民主对立，暴露了严重实证主义、机会主义倾向，他在理论上失误的根源就是否定辩证法，否定唯物主义。 伯恩施坦社会主义理论的哲学立场与科学社会主义的哲学依据是对立的。本文希望用马克思主义哲学的基本立场、基本观点、基本方法分析他的谬误，揭露他理论产生的根源，从而更好的坚持马克主义哲学，更好的坚持科学社会主义。
[Abstract]:Bernstein's discussion of socialism mainly focuses on the basic connotation of socialism and the road of realization. The philosophical premise of his socialist theory is the subjective idealism in Neo-Kantianism. In methodology, we advocate the replacement of materialist dialectics with eclecticism. Bernstein opposed the dogmatism of the objective inevitability of historical development in the second International period and emphasized the role of "immaterial factors" in the historical development. On the surface, it is very necessary to emphasize the main role of historical development. In essence, Burnstein wants to supplement scientific socialism with the "ethical socialism" of Neo-Kantianism and elevate the role of non-material factors in the process of social development. Thus denying the inevitability of historical development and replacing historical materialism monism with dualism. Based on one-sided, scattered economic materials and data, Bernstein denies the general trend of capital accumulation and regards the theory of surplus value as a moral term, which totally negates the objective regularity of capitalist social movement. On the road to socialist realization, he put forward the idea of "peaceful growth" of socialism by democratic means. His one-sided emphasis on fighting for the rights and interests of the proletariat, separating the immediate and fundamental interests of the proletariat, separating the process and results of the socialist movement, and antagonizing dictatorship with democracy exposed a serious tendency towards positivism and opportunism. The root of his theoretical error is to deny dialectics and materialism. The philosophical stand of Bernstein's socialist theory is opposite to the philosophical basis of scientific socialism. This article hopes to use the Marxist philosophy's basic stand, the basic viewpoint, the basic method to analyze his fallacy, to expose the origin of his theory, so as to better adhere to the Marxist philosophy, better adhere to scientific socialism.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091.6
本文编号：2348649
[Abstract]:Bernstein's discussion of socialism mainly focuses on the basic connotation of socialism and the road of realization. The philosophical premise of his socialist theory is the subjective idealism in Neo-Kantianism. In methodology, we advocate the replacement of materialist dialectics with eclecticism. Bernstein opposed the dogmatism of the objective inevitability of historical development in the second International period and emphasized the role of "immaterial factors" in the historical development. On the surface, it is very necessary to emphasize the main role of historical development. In essence, Burnstein wants to supplement scientific socialism with the "ethical socialism" of Neo-Kantianism and elevate the role of non-material factors in the process of social development. Thus denying the inevitability of historical development and replacing historical materialism monism with dualism. Based on one-sided, scattered economic materials and data, Bernstein denies the general trend of capital accumulation and regards the theory of surplus value as a moral term, which totally negates the objective regularity of capitalist social movement. On the road to socialist realization, he put forward the idea of "peaceful growth" of socialism by democratic means. His one-sided emphasis on fighting for the rights and interests of the proletariat, separating the immediate and fundamental interests of the proletariat, separating the process and results of the socialist movement, and antagonizing dictatorship with democracy exposed a serious tendency towards positivism and opportunism. The root of his theoretical error is to deny dialectics and materialism. The philosophical stand of Bernstein's socialist theory is opposite to the philosophical basis of scientific socialism. This article hopes to use the Marxist philosophy's basic stand, the basic viewpoint, the basic method to analyze his fallacy, to expose the origin of his theory, so as to better adhere to the Marxist philosophy, better adhere to scientific socialism.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091.6
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