自由与平等：社会主义与资本主义核心价值重心差异研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 15:26

【摘要】：自由和平等作为人类价值古已有之,只是在近代资产阶级革命以后,才成为现代人共同持有的主流价值观念。自由和平等既是资本主义核心价值的内容,也是社会主义核心价值的内容,但资本主义和社会主义对自由与平等的追求其侧重点是不相同的,其差异在于资本主义更强调自由,社会主义更强调平等,平等是社会主义核心价值体系的真正“硬核”~([1])。第一,本论文首先从政治哲学的角度,探究近现代自由与平等概念的缘起及含义,梳理自由与平等的价值关系及与之相关的讨论。旨在对自由与平等有一定认识基础上,再去开展自由与平等之于社会主义与资本主义核心价值重心差异的研究。第二,重心差异研究是论文的主题。在重心差异研究中,本论文从资本主义的理论和实践角度,论证资本主义在自由与平等价值面前,始终把自由放在优先位置,把自由视为资本主义的价值“硬核”。社会主义是在对资本主义的否定性批判中发展起来的,然而,社会主义对自由与平等的追求,其特点是社会主义更强调平等,平等是社会主义的价值“硬核”。第三,从生态文明的高度来重构人类价值。这是论文的升华部分。在这里生态文明的含义是广义的,它指的不是与物质文明、政治文明、精神文明等相并列、仅指在解决人与自然矛盾冲突的狭义生态文明,而是指继工业文明之后的文明~([2])。如果说传统工业文明与资本主义具有本质关联,那么我们正在追求的生态文明就与共产主义具有本质关联。文章认为资本主义是无法化解当今人类面临的生态危机的,化解危机的唯一出路是将社会主义平等观念与生态文明和谐理念结合起来,迈步走向社会主义生态文明新时代,实现人与自然、人与社会、人与他人和人与自我关系的全面和谐。以往社会主义注重的平等强调的只是社会公正问题,生态文明和谐理念拓展了平等的内涵,不仅要求社会公正,而且要求生态正义;不仅要求公平正义,而且要求自由民主,这就要求我们在社会主义生态文明视域下重构人类价值。
[Abstract]:Freedom and equality as human values existed in ancient times, only after the modern bourgeois revolution, they became the mainstream values shared by modern people. Freedom and equality are not only the contents of the core values of capitalism, but also the core values of socialism. However, the emphasis of the pursuit of freedom and equality is different between capitalism and socialism. The difference lies in the fact that capitalism emphasizes freedom more. Socialism emphasizes equality, equality is the real "hard core" of the socialist core value system. Firstly, from the perspective of political philosophy, this paper explores the origin and meaning of the concept of freedom and equality in modern times, and combs the value relationship between freedom and equality and its related discussions. On the basis of a certain understanding of freedom and equality, this paper studies the difference between freedom and equality in the core values of socialism and capitalism. Second, the research of center of gravity difference is the theme of the paper. In the research of the center of gravity difference, this paper demonstrates that capitalism always gives priority to freedom in the face of the value of freedom and equality, and regards freedom as the "hard core" of capitalism value from the angle of theory and practice of capitalism. Socialism is developed in the negative criticism of capitalism. However, the pursuit of freedom and equality in socialism is characterized by the fact that socialism emphasizes more equality and equality is the "hard core" of socialism. Third, reconstruction of human value from the height of ecological civilization. This is the sublimation part of the thesis. The meaning of ecological civilization here is broad. It does not mean parallel with material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, etc., it only refers to narrow ecological civilization that solves conflicts between man and nature. It refers to civilization after industrial civilization. If traditional industrial civilization is intrinsically related to capitalism, then the ecological civilization we are pursuing is intrinsically related to communism. The paper holds that capitalism is unable to resolve the ecological crisis facing mankind today, and the only way to resolve the crisis is to combine the concept of socialist equality with the concept of harmony of ecological civilization, and to move towards a new era of socialist ecological civilization. Realize the overall harmony between man and nature, man and society, man and others and man and self. The equality that socialism paid attention to in the past emphasizes only the question of social justice. The concept of harmony of ecological civilization expands the connotation of equality, not only requires social justice, but also requires ecological justice. It requires not only fairness and justice, but also freedom and democracy, which requires us to reconstruct human values from the perspective of socialist ecological civilization.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D081

【参考文献】