自由意志的根基及其限度——一种基于马克思主义视角的阐释
发布时间：2018-12-12 11:18
【摘要】：近十多年来,因脑神经科学的介入,"人是否拥有自由意志"的古老争论因其关系重大而成为哲学界的热点问题,并出现了"否定"与"肯定"两个话语阵营。然而争论双方的论证与探究活动皆遵循着相应的规范本身,就体现着自由意志——若无自由意志,规范既无可能,也无必要。争讼双方之所以对此视而不见,只因二者皆陷入了一叶障目的思维误区,即双方在探讨自由意志时皆从无批判的既有理论和方法出发解构了现实的人这一自由意志的根基,从而导致人拥有自由意志这一事实始终得不到合理解释。立足于自由意志的根基,从现实的人出发,我们看到尽管自由意志以生命与脑神经组织的正常存续为必要条件,但却是一种社会化的成就,因而既不可能被还原为脑神经组织,亦不可能归诸无人身的理性。同时,自由意志作为一种社会历史性存在自有其限度。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, because of the intervention of brain neuroscience, the ancient debate of "whether people have free will" has become a hot issue in philosophy because of its great importance, and there are two discourse camps of "negation" and "affirmative". However, the argumentation and inquiry activities of both sides of the argument follow the corresponding norms themselves, which embodies the free will-if there is no free will, the norm is neither possible nor necessary. The reason why the litigants have turned a blind eye to this is that both sides are caught in a blind thinking error, that is, both sides deconstruct the foundation of the free will of the realistic person from the existing theory and method without criticism when discussing the free will. Thus, the fact that man has free will has never been properly explained. Based on the foundation of free will, from the point of view of reality, we see that although free will is necessary for the normal existence of life and brain nerve tissue, it is an achievement of socialization and therefore cannot be reduced to brain nerve tissue. Nor can it be attributed to the absence of reason. At the same time, free will as a social historical existence has its limits.
【作者单位】： 浙江师范大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国政治伦理思想通史”(项目号:16ZDA103) 教育部思政专项课题“高校思政课青年教师胜任力提升机制研究”(项目号:15JD710074)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D0
本文编号：2374467
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, because of the intervention of brain neuroscience, the ancient debate of "whether people have free will" has become a hot issue in philosophy because of its great importance, and there are two discourse camps of "negation" and "affirmative". However, the argumentation and inquiry activities of both sides of the argument follow the corresponding norms themselves, which embodies the free will-if there is no free will, the norm is neither possible nor necessary. The reason why the litigants have turned a blind eye to this is that both sides are caught in a blind thinking error, that is, both sides deconstruct the foundation of the free will of the realistic person from the existing theory and method without criticism when discussing the free will. Thus, the fact that man has free will has never been properly explained. Based on the foundation of free will, from the point of view of reality, we see that although free will is necessary for the normal existence of life and brain nerve tissue, it is an achievement of socialization and therefore cannot be reduced to brain nerve tissue. Nor can it be attributed to the absence of reason. At the same time, free will as a social historical existence has its limits.
【作者单位】： 浙江师范大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国政治伦理思想通史”(项目号:16ZDA103) 教育部思政专项课题“高校思政课青年教师胜任力提升机制研究”(项目号:15JD710074)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D0
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