孙中山与金玉均的近代化思想比较

发布时间：2018-12-13 21:05

【摘要】：19世纪末,欧美国家的资本主义自由竞争进入了白热化阶段,这些国家为了确保市场、增强各自实力,争先恐后地向亚洲国家进行经济侵略和思想、文化的渗透。面对西方的“冲击”,亚洲国家尤其是中朝日三国,都经受了国家、民族、思想、文化等方面的“全面性危机”或“整体性危机”的考验。“西方”在“东方”的“出现”,有着多重意义。如何解读,这直接关涉着摆脱“危机”的实践。当时的中国和朝鲜,日本所面临着同样的历史任务,即要实现前近代社会到近代化的资本主义社会的转换；要不惜一切代价抵抗西欧列强的侵略,保障国家的独立,克服半殖民地性的民族危机。1868年,日本的明治维新在文明开化和富国强兵的口号下,吸收西洋文明和文化,实现了国家近代化,得到了显著的成效,把日本带进了资本主义国家的行列中,为周边国家中国和朝鲜提供了新的历史经验。可以说,中国的孙中山和朝鲜的金玉均在日本的影响下走向了革命和改革的道路,以日本明治维新为蓝图,针对国家存亡的危机,提出了一系列反封建的、初期近代化思想,并且把建立近代国家的意志积极付诸于实践。今天,中国和朝鲜都不同程度地实现了近代化。其中的曲折历程以及经验教训的深入反思对于我们更好地推动社会的发展有着重要的历史意义和现实意义。孙中山和金玉均是中朝两国近代化的积极开拓者,他们为实现自己国家的近代化而献出了毕生的精力。虽然他们最后未能实现近代化,但是他们的一系列近代化思想和实践值得我们去探讨,通过借鉴两者近代化思想的异同,促进我国现代化进程。一个人的成长背景和历史环境,对其思想形成和政治活动起到非常重要的影响,虽然孙中山和金玉均所处的社会地位以及改革方式截然不同,但是在打破专制和建立民权,通过一系列改革让国家迅速富强,维护国家主权,重视对日关系,采用联合的态度来抵制侵略、维护区域和平等方面却表现出了很多相似点。因此,本论文在对当时中国和朝鲜的社会历史背景及他们所受的思想因素进行梳理的基础上,从政治、经济和对外思想方面入手,对他们所提出的一系列反映当时国情的近代化思想和政策进行系统地比较,在总结其相似点和不同点的基础上,分析和评价两者思想在近代化历史中的影响及其现实意义。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, the free competition of capitalism in European and American countries entered the stage of white-hot. In order to ensure the market and strengthen their respective strength, these countries scrambled to carry out economic aggression, ideological and cultural infiltration into Asian countries. In the face of the "shock" of the West, Asian countries, especially the three countries of China, North Korea and Japan, have withstood the test of "comprehensive crisis" or "holistic crisis" in the aspects of state, nation, thought, culture and so on. The appearance of the West in the East has many meanings. How to interpret this is directly related to the practice of getting rid of "crisis". At that time, China and Korea, Japan was faced with the same historical task, that is, to realize the transformation from the pre-modern society to the modern capitalist society; It is necessary to resist at all costs the aggression of Western European powers, safeguard national independence and overcome the semi-colonial national crisis. In 1868, Japan's Meiji Restoration absorbed Western civilization and culture under the slogan of civilized civilization and the strengthening of the armed forces. It brought Japan into the ranks of capitalist countries and provided new historical experience for neighboring countries China and North Korea. It can be said that under the influence of Japan, Sun Zhongshan of China and gold and jade of North Korea have both moved on the road of revolution and reform. Taking the Meiji Restoration of Japan as the blueprint, and in view of the crisis of survival and death of the country, they have put forward a series of anti-feudal and early modernizing ideas. And put the will of establishing modern country into practice actively. Today, both China and North Korea are modernizing to varying degrees. The tortuous course and deep reflection of experience and lessons have important historical and practical significance for us to promote the development of society better. Sun Zhongshan and Jinyu were both active pioneers in modernization of China and Korea, who devoted their life to the modernization of their country. Although they failed to realize modernization in the end, a series of modernization thoughts and practices of them are worth discussing, and the process of modernization of our country can be promoted by drawing on the similarities and differences of their modernization thoughts. A person's background and historical environment play a very important role in the formation of his thoughts and political activities. Although Sun Zhongshan and Jin Yu-yu are in a very different social position and reform style, they are breaking down autocracy and establishing civil rights. Through a series of reforms to enable the country to quickly become rich and strong, to safeguard national sovereignty, to attach importance to relations with Japan, to adopt a United attitude to resist aggression, and to maintain regional peace have shown many similarities. Therefore, on the basis of combing the social and historical background of China and North Korea and the ideological factors they were subjected to, this paper starts with the political, economic and foreign ideological aspects. A series of modernizing thoughts and policies which reflect the national conditions at that time are systematically compared. On the basis of summing up their similarities and differences, this paper analyzes and evaluates the influence of their thoughts in the history of modernization and their practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09O2

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