“两个必然”与“两个决不会”基本思想及其当代启示
发布时间：2018-12-23 10:41
【摘要】：“两个必然”是马克思和恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中提出的著名论断。十一年后,马克思在《政治经济学批判序言》中又提出了“两个决不会”的论断,由此进一步丰富、完善和发展了“两个必然”的论断,这“两个论断”构成了科学社会主义的核心内容。一百多年过去了,无论是资本主义还是社会主义都发生了很大的变化,但这些变化并没有最终否定“两个论断”的正确性,恰恰相反,随着时代的变迁,从理论和实践上进一步证明了“两个论断”的有效性。本文从马克思和恩格斯的经典文献出发,较为系统地梳理了“两个论断”各自提出的历史背景、理论依据和现实条件,并对“两个论断”之间的关系进行了分析和解读,在此基础上揭示了“两个论断”所蕴含的当代启示。 全文共分为四个部分： 第一部分以《共产党宣言》一文的写作为中心,介绍了“两个必然"提出的背景；从异化劳动与人的全面发展、社会分工与私有制的灭亡两个角度论述了“两个必然"提出的理论前提；从无产阶级的产生与解放、共产党的领导与革命的实现两个方面论述了“两个必然”形成的现实条件； 第二部分以《政治经济学批判序言》一文的写作为中心,具体介绍了“两个决不会”提出的历史背景、形成的理论与实践依据(1848年大革命失败的经验教训、政治经济学的深入研究)及包含的基本思想(资本主义决不会轻易灭亡、社会主义决不会轻易胜利)。 第三部分梳理了两者的关系(修正论、取代论、包含论),论证了两者迄今仍然有效,并从历时态与共时态两个维度进一步论证了两者辩证统一的关系。 第四部分,阐述了“两个必然”与“两个决不会"对当代资本主义、社会主义、尤其是中国特色社会主义的重要启示。
[Abstract]:"two inevitability" is a famous conclusion put forward by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto of the Communist Party. Eleven years later, in the Preface to the critique of political economy, Marx put forward the conclusion of "two never", which further enriched, perfected and developed the conclusion of "two necessity". This "two judgments" constitutes the core content of scientific socialism. More than a hundred years have passed, both capitalism and socialism have undergone great changes, but these changes have not ultimately denied the correctness of the "two judgments." on the contrary, as the times have changed, It proves the validity of "two judgments" in theory and practice. Starting from the classical documents of Marx and Engels, this paper systematically combs the historical background, theoretical basis and practical conditions of "two judgments", and analyzes and interprets the relationship between "two judgments". On this basis, it reveals the contemporary enlightenment contained in "two judgments". The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of "two inevitability" with the writing of "Communist Manifesto" as the center; This paper discusses the theoretical premise of "two necessity" from the perspectives of alienated labor and the all-round development of human beings, social division of labor and the destruction of private ownership. This paper discusses the realistic conditions of the formation of "two inevitable" from the emergence and liberation of the proletariat, the leadership of the Communist Party and the realization of the revolution. The second part focuses on the writing of the Preface to critique of political economy, introduces the historical background of "two never" and the theoretical and practical basis (the experience and lessons of the failure of the Great Revolution in 1848). An in-depth study of the political economy and its underlying ideas (capitalism is never easy to perish, socialism is never easy to win). The third part combs the relationship between the two (revision theory, substitution theory, inclusion theory), proves that the two are still valid up to now, and further demonstrates the dialectical unity of the two from the two dimensions of chronological and syntensic. The fourth part expounds the important enlightenment of "two necessity" and "two never" to contemporary capitalism, socialism, especially socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2389871
[Abstract]:"two inevitability" is a famous conclusion put forward by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto of the Communist Party. Eleven years later, in the Preface to the critique of political economy, Marx put forward the conclusion of "two never", which further enriched, perfected and developed the conclusion of "two necessity". This "two judgments" constitutes the core content of scientific socialism. More than a hundred years have passed, both capitalism and socialism have undergone great changes, but these changes have not ultimately denied the correctness of the "two judgments." on the contrary, as the times have changed, It proves the validity of "two judgments" in theory and practice. Starting from the classical documents of Marx and Engels, this paper systematically combs the historical background, theoretical basis and practical conditions of "two judgments", and analyzes and interprets the relationship between "two judgments". On this basis, it reveals the contemporary enlightenment contained in "two judgments". The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of "two inevitability" with the writing of "Communist Manifesto" as the center; This paper discusses the theoretical premise of "two necessity" from the perspectives of alienated labor and the all-round development of human beings, social division of labor and the destruction of private ownership. This paper discusses the realistic conditions of the formation of "two inevitable" from the emergence and liberation of the proletariat, the leadership of the Communist Party and the realization of the revolution. The second part focuses on the writing of the Preface to critique of political economy, introduces the historical background of "two never" and the theoretical and practical basis (the experience and lessons of the failure of the Great Revolution in 1848). An in-depth study of the political economy and its underlying ideas (capitalism is never easy to perish, socialism is never easy to win). The third part combs the relationship between the two (revision theory, substitution theory, inclusion theory), proves that the two are still valid up to now, and further demonstrates the dialectical unity of the two from the two dimensions of chronological and syntensic. The fourth part expounds the important enlightenment of "two necessity" and "two never" to contemporary capitalism, socialism, especially socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091
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