卢森堡对伯恩施坦主义的认识与批评
发布时间：2018-12-23 11:50
【摘要】：本文通过全面解读卢森堡、伯恩施坦生前的著作、文稿和书信等历史文献,着重评价和探讨了以下几个方面的问题：第一,卢森堡对伯恩施坦“最终目的”和“运动”观的认识与批评。剖析了伯恩施坦关于“最终目的与运动”的理解与社会民主党“通常”理解的差异,他的“和平长入社会主义”的改良理论以及“社会主义是空想”的思想,并通过卢森堡对其观点批判的研究,揭示出伯恩施坦错误观点的实质。第二,卢森堡对伯恩施坦关于资本主义民主、议会及政党等思想的认识与批评。卢森堡认为,社会主义与民主是紧密联系的,民主是社会主义的本质。卢森堡不但批评了伯恩施坦单纯强调民主的形式,而忽视民主内容的片面观点,而且还批判了伯恩施坦“社会主义运动的命运取决于资产阶级民主制”的错误观点,论述了民主与社会主义的辩证关系；卢森堡批评了伯恩施坦“议会迷”的行为和思想,尤其批评了议会迷们疯狂地追逐议席的行为,认为在应该夺取政权的时候却消极地等待议会多数是彻底的机会主义。此外,卢森堡还揭露了议会选举和德国普选的虚伪性、狭隘性以及伯恩施坦妄图把党建成改良党、全民党的错误思想。第三,卢森堡对伯恩施坦关于资本主义及其发展趋势的认识与批评。卢森堡尖锐地指出,伯恩施坦对马克思劳动价值论的否定,不仅是他唯心主义哲学基础发展的必然结果,而且也是他诋毁科学社会主义的思想前提。她从具体事实和方法论角度剖析和驳斥了伯恩施坦“资本主义适应”的论据,指出这些所谓的“适应手段”并不是消除资本主义矛盾的手段。在她看来,资本主义适应论有一些未被考察的理论前提,忽略这些前提就不可能是正确的。卢森堡还指出,伯恩施坦的理论中隐藏着对马克思主义关于资本主义必然“崩溃”理论的否定因素,存在着否定社会主义的“客观必然性”的思想错误。 卢森堡对伯恩施坦观点的认识与批评,既是本文在理论研究上的重点,也是作者理论创新的尝试。 总之,本文采用辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义的观点和方法评价了卢森堡对伯恩施坦主义的认识与批评的理论意义与实践价值。通过分析,科学、正确地阐明了应该如何对待马克思主义的重要命题,维护了马克思主义基本原则和革命精神,捍卫了马克思主义理论的纯洁性,有利于马克思主义的创新和发展。
[Abstract]:Through a comprehensive interpretation of historical documents, such as the works, manuscripts and letters of Luxembourg and Burnstein, this paper focuses on the following aspects: first, Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's "ultimate aim" and "movement". This paper analyzes the difference between Bernstein's understanding of "ultimate purpose and movement" and the "usual" understanding of the Social Democratic Party, his improved theory of "peace into socialism" and the idea that "socialism is a dream". And through Luxembourg's criticism of his point of view, reveals the essence of Bernstein's wrong view. Second, Luxembourg views and criticizes Bernstein's thoughts on capitalist democracy, parliament and political parties. Luxembourg believes that socialism and democracy are closely linked, democracy is the essence of socialism. Luxembourg criticized not only Bernstein's one-sided view of simply emphasizing the form of democracy and neglecting its content, but also his erroneous view that "the fate of the socialist movement depends on bourgeois democracy". The dialectical relationship between democracy and socialism is discussed. Luxembourg criticized Burnstein's "parliamentary fans" for their actions and ideas, and in particular for their frantic pursuit of seats, arguing that it was complete opportunism to wait passively for parliamentary majorities when power should be seized. In addition, Luxembourg also exposed the falsehood and parochialism of the parliamentary elections and the German general election, as well as the erroneous ideas of Bernstein trying to turn the party into a reformist party and a national party. Thirdly, Luxembourg criticizes Bernstein about capitalism and its development trend. Luxembourg pointed out acutely that Bernstein's negation of Marx's theory of labor value was not only the inevitable result of the development of his philosophical foundation of idealism, but also the ideological premise of his denigration of scientific socialism. She analyzes and refutes Bernstein's argument of "capitalist adaptation" from the angle of concrete facts and methodology, and points out that these so-called "adaptation means" are not the means to eliminate capitalist contradictions. In her view, capitalist adaptation has some unexamined theoretical premises that it is impossible to ignore. Luxembourg also points out that Bernstein's theory hides the negative factors of Marxism's theory of the inevitable "collapse" of capitalism, and that there is an ideological error in denying the "objective inevitability" of socialism. Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's viewpoint is not only the focus of the theoretical research, but also the attempt of the author's theoretical innovation. In a word, this paper evaluates the theoretical significance and practical value of Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's doctrine by means of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Through analysis, science, and correct explanation of how to treat the important proposition of Marxism, it has safeguarded the basic principles and revolutionary spirit of Marxism, and defended the purity of Marxist theory. It is conducive to the innovation and development of Marxism.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2389945
[Abstract]:Through a comprehensive interpretation of historical documents, such as the works, manuscripts and letters of Luxembourg and Burnstein, this paper focuses on the following aspects: first, Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's "ultimate aim" and "movement". This paper analyzes the difference between Bernstein's understanding of "ultimate purpose and movement" and the "usual" understanding of the Social Democratic Party, his improved theory of "peace into socialism" and the idea that "socialism is a dream". And through Luxembourg's criticism of his point of view, reveals the essence of Bernstein's wrong view. Second, Luxembourg views and criticizes Bernstein's thoughts on capitalist democracy, parliament and political parties. Luxembourg believes that socialism and democracy are closely linked, democracy is the essence of socialism. Luxembourg criticized not only Bernstein's one-sided view of simply emphasizing the form of democracy and neglecting its content, but also his erroneous view that "the fate of the socialist movement depends on bourgeois democracy". The dialectical relationship between democracy and socialism is discussed. Luxembourg criticized Burnstein's "parliamentary fans" for their actions and ideas, and in particular for their frantic pursuit of seats, arguing that it was complete opportunism to wait passively for parliamentary majorities when power should be seized. In addition, Luxembourg also exposed the falsehood and parochialism of the parliamentary elections and the German general election, as well as the erroneous ideas of Bernstein trying to turn the party into a reformist party and a national party. Thirdly, Luxembourg criticizes Bernstein about capitalism and its development trend. Luxembourg pointed out acutely that Bernstein's negation of Marx's theory of labor value was not only the inevitable result of the development of his philosophical foundation of idealism, but also the ideological premise of his denigration of scientific socialism. She analyzes and refutes Bernstein's argument of "capitalist adaptation" from the angle of concrete facts and methodology, and points out that these so-called "adaptation means" are not the means to eliminate capitalist contradictions. In her view, capitalist adaptation has some unexamined theoretical premises that it is impossible to ignore. Luxembourg also points out that Bernstein's theory hides the negative factors of Marxism's theory of the inevitable "collapse" of capitalism, and that there is an ideological error in denying the "objective inevitability" of socialism. Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's viewpoint is not only the focus of the theoretical research, but also the attempt of the author's theoretical innovation. In a word, this paper evaluates the theoretical significance and practical value of Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's doctrine by means of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Through analysis, science, and correct explanation of how to treat the important proposition of Marxism, it has safeguarded the basic principles and revolutionary spirit of Marxism, and defended the purity of Marxist theory. It is conducive to the innovation and development of Marxism.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 范冉冉;罗莎#卢森堡总体性视域下的社会主义思想研究[D];南开大学;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 黄娟;伯恩施坦的核心思想研究[D];西安外国语大学;2012年
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