罗尔斯公共理性观研究

发布时间：2018-12-30 22:01

【摘要】：罗尔斯是20世纪最知名的政治哲学家之一,其思想一直是政治、哲学、伦理学等领域的研究热点。公共理性作为罗尔斯后期提出的重要观念,承担着为公共领域中的公民提供指导和探究原则的任务。另外,公共理性观念还是罗尔斯思想转变的重要标志,从道德哲学到政治建构主义,公共理性为公平正义理念走向实践提供了一种程序性的保障。因此,解读罗尔斯的公共理性观念对于理解其政治自由主义思想具有重要意义。本文包括四章内容。在第一章,本文从公共理性思想的学理脉络入手,简单分析了霍布斯、洛克、卢梭和康德的公共理性思想,希望从历史角度厘清公共理性的发展过程以及对罗尔斯的公共理性观念的影响。在第二章,本文详细阐述了公共理性的内涵。罗尔斯指出,公共理性的内涵是通过一系列相关政治概念展开的,因此为了更好的理解公共理性,本文重点解读了其主体、核心价值和追求目标,进而考察了公民能力、公共性、公共善以及重叠共识等概念。罗尔斯的公共理性观念是政治自由主义的一部分,其最大的价值在于实践性,因此本文在第三章论述了公共理性在运用过程中的限制和罗尔斯所说的“悖论”。在文章最后,本文对罗尔斯的公共理性观念进行了评价,提出了合理性和局限性。对于局限性的阐述,本文采取了社群主义和协商理论的视角,以桑德尔和哈贝马斯的观点为基准分析了公共理性的不合理因素。尽管罗尔斯的公共理性存在着诸多局限性,但是它所赖以探讨的背景——多元文化冲突却是不争的事实,罗尔斯的论述无疑给人们提供了继续寻求实现社会稳定之良方的平台。因此,研习公共理性观念对于全面把握罗尔斯的思想体系具有重要意义,同时还能够为解决现实社会的某些困境找到突破口。
[Abstract]:Rawls is one of the most famous political philosophers in the 20th century. Public rationality, as an important concept put forward by Rawls in his later period, undertakes the task of providing guidance and exploring principles for citizens in the public sphere. In addition, the concept of public rationality is also an important symbol of Rawls' ideological transformation. From moral philosophy to political constructivism, public rationality provides a procedural guarantee for the concept of fairness and justice to move to practice. Therefore, the interpretation of Rawls' concept of public rationality is of great significance to the understanding of his political liberalism. This paper includes four chapters. In the first chapter, this paper analyzes Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau and Kant's public rational thoughts from the perspective of public rationality. The author hopes to clarify the development process of public rationality and its influence on Rawls' concept of public rationality from the historical point of view. In the second chapter, this paper elaborates the connotation of public rationality. Rawls pointed out that the connotation of public rationality is carried out through a series of related political concepts. Therefore, in order to better understand public rationality, this paper mainly interprets its subject, core value and pursuit goal, and then examines its citizenship ability. The concepts of publicity, public good and overlapping consensus. Rawls' concept of public rationality is a part of political liberalism, and its greatest value lies in practicality. Therefore, in the third chapter, this paper discusses the limitations of public rationality in the application process and the "paradox" described by Rawls. Finally, this paper evaluates Rawls' concept of public rationality and puts forward its rationality and limitation. As for the limitation, this paper adopts the perspective of communitarianism and negotiation theory, and analyzes the unreasonable factors of public rationality based on the viewpoints of Sandell and Habermas. Although Rawls' public rationality has many limitations, it is an indisputable fact that the multicultural conflict is the background on which it is discussed. Rawls' argument undoubtedly provides a platform for people to continue to seek a good way to realize social stability. Therefore, studying the concept of public rationality is of great significance to grasp Rawls' ideological system in an all-round way, and at the same time, it can find a breakthrough in solving some difficulties in the real society.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D097.12

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