比较历史分析的学术演进和经典议题——因果关系的过程分析

发布时间：2019-01-01 18:51

【摘要】：比较历史分析主要是用来探寻重大社会问题的因果关系。现代比较历史分析成熟于21世纪初,明确了自己的学术身份,构建了自己的学术共同体。社会革命、社会政策、民主和专制是比较历史分析的经典议题。在社会革命议题上,比较历史分析重点分析革命的原因,自然历史学派认为旧制度无法处理经济、政治、军事危机是革命爆发的原因;现代化理论认为革命是政府没有满足社会变化的需要所导致的;社会结构理论认为国际因素与国内阶级关系共同导致革命的爆发。在社会政策议题上,比较历史分析关注各国社会福利政策的差异以及福利体制对经济发展的影响,尤其是美国和欧洲国家福利政策的比较。在民主和专制议题上,比较历史分析集中讨论的是转型背景相似的国家为什么建立了不同的民主体制,甚至有的国家走上专制道路。比较历史分析方法论上表现为过程分析,认识论上强调以史实为基础,目前正在丰富和完善历史关节点分析框架,坚持多重因果分析模式,重视行动者的能动性。
[Abstract]:Comparative historical analysis is mainly used to explore the causality of major social problems. Modern comparative historical analysis matured at the beginning of the 21st century, defined its academic identity and constructed its own academic community. Social revolution, social policy, democracy and autocracy are classic topics of comparative historical analysis. On the topic of social revolution, comparing the historical analysis and analyzing the causes of the revolution, the natural history school thinks that the old system can not deal with the economic, political and military crisis is the reason of the revolution. The theory of modernization holds that the revolution is caused by the government's failure to meet the needs of social change, and the theory of social structure holds that international factors and domestic class relations together lead to the outbreak of revolution. On social policy issues, comparative historical analysis focuses on the differences in social welfare policies and the impact of welfare systems on economic development, especially the comparison between national welfare policies in the United States and Europe. On the issue of democracy and autocracy, the comparative historical analysis focuses on why countries with similar transition backgrounds have established different democratic institutions, and even some countries have embarked on the path of autocracy. The methodology of comparative historical analysis is characterized by process analysis, while epistemology emphasizes on historical facts. At present, it is enriching and perfecting the analytical framework of historical key points, insisting on the mode of multi-causal analysis and attaching importance to the initiative of actors.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：D03

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