作为团结机制的慈善及其困境——一则政治人类学分析

发布时间：2019-01-06 13:08

【摘要】：团结是政治人类学意义上的普遍性的实践。在这个意义上,慈善可以被理解为一种团结机制。它以共同体内部的不平等为前提,从而创造精英与大众、强势与弱势、主流与边缘发生实质性联系的机会,在差异中建立普遍性的情感关联。新自由主义在全球范围内的扩张,为慈善机构替代原有的以工会为基础的团结机制创造了条件。具体到中国语境,单位制度的解体、贫富差距增大、制度性个人主义的兴起,都为慈善的发展创造了条件。和西方以社群主义主导的慈善不同,中国国家主导的慈善动员依靠爱心话语,即民族共同体内部的普遍性。近来慈善领域的"信任危机",也可以被理解为"团结危机",其根源是新自由主义制度下的国家与民族、个人与共同体之间的"双重断裂"。要克服慈善的困境,关键在于建立超越新自由主义治理逻辑的主体性、团结策略和普遍性话语。
[Abstract]:Unity is a universal practice in the sense of political anthropology. In this sense, charity can be understood as a solidarity mechanism. It takes the inequality within the community as the premise, thus creating opportunities for the elite and the masses, the strong and the weak, the mainstream and the edge to have a substantial connection, and to establish a universal emotional connection among the differences. The global expansion of neoliberalism creates conditions for charities to replace union-based solidarity mechanisms. In Chinese context, the disintegration of unit system, the widening gap between rich and poor, and the rise of institutional individualism have created conditions for the development of charity. Unlike philanthropy, which is dominated by communitarianism in the West, Chinese state-led charity mobilization relies on loving words, that is, the universality of the national community. The recent crisis of trust in the field of charity can also be understood as a crisis of solidarity, which is rooted in the "double breakage" between nations and nations under the neoliberal system and between individuals and communities. To overcome the plight of charity, the key lies in the establishment of subjectivity, solidarity strategy and universal discourse beyond the logic of neoliberal governance.
【作者单位】：美国纽约州立大学宾厄姆顿分校人类学系;
【分类号】：D091

【相似文献】