先秦兵家的政治观

发布时间：2019-02-23 21:48

【摘要】：春秋战国是一个由奴隶制社会向封建社会转变的关键时期,这个时期周天子衰微、礼乐崩坏,原有的制度在不断崩溃。诸侯们为了生存和发展,不得不进行改革和兼并战争。长期的争战使民众遭受了巨大痛苦,上有国君贵族亡国之痛、下有黎民百姓流离之苦。在这样复杂的大背景下,先秦诸子学派纷纷提出了自己的政治思想,期望能够以此来使天下达到和平。在这些思想中,以儒家、道家、法家、墨家、兵家最为突出,受到统治者和才智之士的关注。在这些诸子学派中,先秦兵家是最为特殊的一个。其思想中军事理论太过耀眼,往往使人忽略了其中的政治主张。儒家崇尚仁和礼,道家追求无为而治,法家强调君权和法度,墨家主张兼爱非攻,他们的政治观往往相互对立和排斥,有自己独一无二的特点。而兵家的政治观中各家思想都有体现,这种广博反而限制了兵家的独立性,影响了其作为一个学术门派应有的地位。但从现实意义来讲,兵家集众家之长的思想更具有实用性和功用性,是历代君王维持统治不可或缺的工具。长期以来因兵家的政治观不够鲜明,学界对兵家这方面的重视程度往往不如儒、道、法三家。但笔者认为在文化多元化的今天,兵家的宽广开明的精神更值得我们研究和学习。本文选取现存最具有代表性的六本先秦兵书《孙子》、《吴子》、《尉缭子》、《孙膑兵法》、《六韬》、《司马法》为研究对象,对六本兵书中的政治观进行疏理,并与先秦儒家、法家、道家的政治观进行比较,总结出了这些兵书在政治方面的思想和内涵以及先秦兵家这个群体在政治观上的特点。期望通过对兵家的研究,一方面让人们更好地了解先秦兵家在政治思想上的重要贡献,另一方面是为了借鉴其精华,为今天的国防建设、政治生态建设和树立民族价值观服务。
[Abstract]:The Spring and Autumn period and warring States period was a crucial period from slavery society to feudal society. In order to survive and develop, the princes had to carry out reform and annexation war. The long-term war caused great suffering to the people. Under such a complicated background, the pre-Qin schools of thought put forward their own political thoughts one after another, hoping to achieve peace in the world. Among these thoughts, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Mohism, and militarism are the most prominent ones, which have attracted the attention of rulers and intelligent people. Among these schools of thought, the pre-Qin military was the most special one. The military theory in his mind is too dazzling to make one ignore the political claims. Confucianism advocates benevolence and propriety, Taoism pursues governing without action, Legalism emphasizes monarchy and law, Mohism advocates love and non-attack, their political views are often opposite and exclusive, and have their own unique characteristics. On the other hand, the various thoughts in the political views of military schools are embodied, which limits the independence of military schools and affects their due status as an academic school. But from the practical significance, the thought of the warlords' gathering together is more practical and functional, and it is an indispensable tool for the kings to maintain their rule. For a long time because of the lack of clear-cut political views of military schools, scholars often pay less attention to this aspect than Confucianism, Taoism and Dharma. But the author believes that in the cultural diversity today, the broad and enlightened spirit of soldiers is worth our study and study. This paper selects the six most representative pre-Qin military books, Sun Tzu, Wu Zi, Wei Liao Zi, Sun Bin Art of War, Liu Tao and Sima Fa, as the objects of study. Compared with the political views of pre-Qin Confucianism, Legalists and Taoists, this paper summarizes the political thinking and connotation of these military books and the characteristics of this group of soldiers in the pre-Qin period. On the one hand, it is expected to make people better understand the important contribution of pre-Qin warlords in political thought, on the other hand, to use its essence for reference, to serve today's national defense construction, political ecological construction and the establishment of national values.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D092

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