论斯宾塞社会思想对我国构建和谐社会的启示

发布时间：2019-04-21 13:35

【摘要】：建设和谐社会寄托了世人追求美好生活的理想,也是几千年来炎黄子孙的梦想所系。社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性和要求,是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证和体现,是全党全国各族人民的共同愿望。胡锦涛主席在省部级主要领导干部提高构建社会主义和谐社会能力专题研讨班上的重要讲话中强调：“根据马克思主义基本原理和我国社会主义建设的实践经验,根据新世纪新阶段我国经济社会发展的新要求,和我国社会出现的新趋势新特点,我们所要建设的社会主义和谐社会,应该是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会。”这就深刻揭示了社会主义和谐社会的科学内涵和基本特征。依据此科学内涵和基本特征对和谐社会的理解,本文试图从19世纪英国最重要的思想家、社会学家和教育家之一的赫伯特·斯宾塞(1820——1903)的观点和思想中,挖掘出对我们构建和谐社会具有重要参考价值和借鉴意义的东西。本文以我国目前存在的主要矛盾和问题为切入点,通过分析和谐思想的历史由来,不仅说明了对和谐社会的追求是自古以来人类的美好梦想和努力方向,从而鞭策当代人要为实现社会的真正和谐而更加努力拼搏,同时也表明了在我国的当代,构建和谐社会的紧迫性和挑战性。然后,通过解读斯宾塞的社会有机体论和社会进化论、社会类型的划分、道德公正理论、《国家权力与个人自由》的思想及其教育思想等,来分析其中对我国构建和谐社会有启示的地方。在综合解读斯宾塞的思想时,笔者发现其中对我国构建和谐社会有帮助的成分主要体现在以下几点：它们是社会均衡思想、伦理道德与社会公正思想、同等自由原理、限制国家权力并减少国家干预的观点、快乐教育思想等,这些都是构建我国社会主义和谐社会不可缺少的思路和方法。最后,依据斯宾塞的思想和我国的实际情况,就几项对我国和谐社会建设影响最大的问题给出了如何应对的建议和思考。本文通过对赫伯特·斯宾塞的部分经典著作的解读和分析,以及对其部分思想所作的比较细致的论述,在对其本人主要思想和观点的提炼和阐释的基础上,来挖掘斯宾塞思想中对我们建设和谐社会极其有益的地方,以此期待读者能够真切感受到斯宾塞的某些思想为什么能够又是如何能够对我们建设和谐社会有借鉴意义的。结果发现,斯宾塞的很多重要思想和观点,尤其是他的民主自由观、公平正义理念、伦理道德思想以及独特的教育见解对我们当今和谐社会的建设具有永恒的借鉴意义和参考价值。尽管斯宾塞大师已离我们甚远,但其很多思想观点甚至是他的人格品质对我们构建和谐社会至今仍有很大的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The construction of a harmonious society holds the ideal of pursuing a better life in the world, and it is also the dream of the Chinese people for thousands of years. Social harmony is the essential attribute and requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is the important guarantee and embodiment of the prosperity and strength of the country, the rejuvenation of the nation and the happiness of the people. It is also the common wish of the people of all nationalities of the whole Party and the whole country. In his important speech at the special seminar on improving the ability of leading cadres at provincial and ministerial levels to build a harmonious socialist society, President Hu Jintao stressed: "according to the basic principles of Marxism and the practical experience of socialist construction in China, According to the new requirements of China's economic and social development in the new stage of the new century, and the new trends and new characteristics of our society, the socialist harmonious society we are building should be democratic and legal, fair and just, sincere and friendly, full of vitality. A stable and orderly society in which man and nature live in harmony. " This deeply reveals the scientific connotation and basic characteristics of socialist harmonious society. Based on the understanding of harmonious society in the light of its scientific connotation and basic characteristics, this paper attempts to draw from the views and thoughts of Herbert Spencer (1820 / 1903), one of the most important thinkers, sociologists and educators of England in the 19th century. Mining for us to build a harmonious society has important reference value and reference significance. Taking the main contradictions and problems existing in our country as the starting point, this paper analyzes the historical origin of the harmonious thought, not only shows that the pursuit of a harmonious society is a beautiful dream and hard work direction of mankind since ancient times, but also through the analysis of the historical origin of the harmonious thought. It also shows the urgency and challenge of building a harmonious society in our country at the same time, it also shows the urgency and challenge of building a harmonious society in our country at the same time, it also shows the urgency and challenge of building a harmonious society in our country. Then, through the interpretation of Spencer's theory of social organism and social evolution, the division of social types, the theory of moral justice, the thought of "State power and individual freedom" and its educational thoughts, etc. To analyze which has the enlightenment to our country to construct the harmonious society. In a comprehensive interpretation of Spencer's thoughts, the author finds that the elements that are helpful to the construction of a harmonious society in our country are as follows: they are social equilibrium, ethics, morality and social justice, and the principle of equal freedom. The idea of limiting the state power and reducing the state intervention, the idea of happy education, and so on, are indispensable ideas and methods for building a harmonious socialist society in our country. Finally, on the basis of Spencer's thought and the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions and thoughts on how to deal with several problems which have the greatest influence on the construction of harmonious society in our country. Based on the interpretation and analysis of some of Herbert Spencer's classical works and the detailed exposition of some of his thoughts, this paper, on the basis of refining and explaining his main thoughts and viewpoints, It is hoped that readers can really feel why and how some of Spencer's thoughts can and can be used for reference to build a harmonious society in order to find out where Spencer's thoughts are of great benefit to us in building a harmonious society. The author also tries to find out how and why Spencer's thoughts can be used for reference in building a harmonious society. It turns out that Spencer's many important ideas and views, especially his view of democracy and freedom, the idea of fairness and justice, Ethical and moral thoughts and unique educational opinions have eternal reference significance and reference value to the construction of our harmonious society today. Although Master Spencer is far away from us, many of his ideas and views, even his personality, are still of great reference value to the construction of a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D61;D095.61

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