拉丁美洲“社会主义”问题研究
发布时间：2019-06-09 14:59
【摘要】：近年来,拉美一些国家出现了社会主义热,引起全世界的高度关注。政治家和学者对其评价不一,有赞扬,有怀疑。作者就是在这个背景下对拉美“社会主义”的理论与实践作了一定的分析。 论文分三部分,第一部分作者就拉丁美洲出现“社会主义热”的原因展开分析,并指出了其主要原因:两极分化依旧存在;拉美民众践行民主权利不通畅;现行的某些政策使拉美的发展付出了巨大的代价。“社会主义热”的背后是拉美人民尝试走“社会主义”道路来改变这个社会的不公平现状,追求社会公平正义是拉美进行“社会主义”建设的动力源泉。 第二部分重点介绍了委内瑞拉与玻利维亚两个国家“社会主义”理论与实践,第一,经济上推行经济变革,实行国有化政策,推行“人民经济”,使国家经济得以发展;第二,政治上建立参与式民主政治形式,发展“人民权力和民主”,使国家的民主化程度得以深化;第三,改善社会福利,建立社会保障制度,注意保护人民的利益,使居民的收入得以增加,为进一步全面推进“社会主义”建设提供强有力经济保障、政治基础和社会根基。 论文最后提出了作者对拉美“社会主义”的几点新的认识:第一,西方新自由主义模式的失败,对美国控制与剥削拉美的反应,中国及其他社会主义国家成功经验的吸引,是拉美能够出现“社会主义”的原因。第二,拉美“社会主义”不是传统意义上的社会主义,拉美“社会主义”注重的是社会实践,拉美“社会主义”具有多元性的特征。第三,拉美“社会主义”的前途充满了不确定性,但拉美“社会主义”是一种可贵的探索与尝试。
[Abstract]:In recent years, some countries in Latin America have appeared socialist fever, which has aroused great concern all over the world. Politicians and scholars have mixed opinions, praise and doubt. It is in this context that the author makes a certain analysis of the theory and practice of socialism in Latin America. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author analyzes the reasons for the emergence of "socialist fever" in Latin America, and points out the main reasons: polarization still exists, Latin American people's practice of democratic rights is not smooth; Some of the current policies have cost Latin America a great deal of money. Behind the "socialist fever" is that the Latin American people try to take the "socialist" road to change the unfair status quo of this society, and the pursuit of social fairness and justice is the power source of the "socialist" construction in Latin America. The second part focuses on the theory and practice of "socialism" in Venezuela and Bolivia. first, economic reform, nationalization policy and "people's economy" are carried out economically, so that the national economy can be developed. Second, the political establishment of a participatory democratic political form, the development of "people's power and democracy", so that the degree of democratization of the country can be deepened; Third, we should improve social welfare, establish a social security system, pay attention to protecting the interests of the people, increase the income of residents, and provide a strong economic security, political foundation, and social foundation for further promoting the construction of "socialism" in an all-round way. Finally, the paper puts forward some new understandings of "socialism" in Latin America: first, the failure of the western neoliberal model, the reaction to the control and exploitation of Latin America by the United States, and the attraction of the successful experience of China and other socialist countries. It is the reason for the emergence of socialism in Latin America. Second, Latin America's "socialism" is not socialism in the traditional sense, Latin America's "socialism" pays attention to social practice, and Latin America's "socialism" has the characteristics of pluralism. Third, the future of socialism in Latin America is full of uncertainty, but socialism in Latin America is a valuable exploration and attempt.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D033.4
本文编号：2495640
[Abstract]:In recent years, some countries in Latin America have appeared socialist fever, which has aroused great concern all over the world. Politicians and scholars have mixed opinions, praise and doubt. It is in this context that the author makes a certain analysis of the theory and practice of socialism in Latin America. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author analyzes the reasons for the emergence of "socialist fever" in Latin America, and points out the main reasons: polarization still exists, Latin American people's practice of democratic rights is not smooth; Some of the current policies have cost Latin America a great deal of money. Behind the "socialist fever" is that the Latin American people try to take the "socialist" road to change the unfair status quo of this society, and the pursuit of social fairness and justice is the power source of the "socialist" construction in Latin America. The second part focuses on the theory and practice of "socialism" in Venezuela and Bolivia. first, economic reform, nationalization policy and "people's economy" are carried out economically, so that the national economy can be developed. Second, the political establishment of a participatory democratic political form, the development of "people's power and democracy", so that the degree of democratization of the country can be deepened; Third, we should improve social welfare, establish a social security system, pay attention to protecting the interests of the people, increase the income of residents, and provide a strong economic security, political foundation, and social foundation for further promoting the construction of "socialism" in an all-round way. Finally, the paper puts forward some new understandings of "socialism" in Latin America: first, the failure of the western neoliberal model, the reaction to the control and exploitation of Latin America by the United States, and the attraction of the successful experience of China and other socialist countries. It is the reason for the emergence of socialism in Latin America. Second, Latin America's "socialism" is not socialism in the traditional sense, Latin America's "socialism" pays attention to social practice, and Latin America's "socialism" has the characteristics of pluralism. Third, the future of socialism in Latin America is full of uncertainty, but socialism in Latin America is a valuable exploration and attempt.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D033.4
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