科学政治学语境下萨洛蒙思想研究

发布时间：2019-06-21 17:31

【摘要】：科学政治学是一门复杂而深刻的学科系统，它以科学以及对科学产生影响的政治与公众为主要研究对象，包含着诸多围绕这三者进行研究的学科门类。通过系统分析政治、公众、科学的有机互动，能够使我们更好地调节科学，确保科学技术更好地为人类幸福服务。在众多的科学家中，萨洛蒙比较早的开始了科学与政治关系的研究，并且形成了自己的理论系统。他以独特的视角审视了科学家群体、科学与政治的互动、科学与公众的沟通等诸多在科学政治学领域内至关重要的问题，对科学政治学学科的发展做出了显著贡献。本论文以科学政治学的学科范式为基础，采用了文献研究、案例分析、归纳综合等方法，详细论述了法国科学家萨洛蒙对于科学政治学理论的巩固与扩张，并且分析了萨洛蒙在科学政治学理论研究中的不足之处。具体到行文结构上，本文主要从四个部分进行论述：第一部分主要介绍了科学政治学语境的形成过程。科学政治学的形成经历了“前范式”和“范式”两个阶段。在“前范式”阶段，虽然有的学者对科学与政治的关系进行了研究，但是并未明确提出建立科学政治学学科。紧接着在“范式”阶段，诸如韦伯、贝尔纳、狄克逊等一批学者继续进行探索。韩来平教授经过系统分析，认为到贝尔纳为止科学政治学已然具有了自己的学科范式，即：造福于民的科学价值观、建制化三角结构体系的核心理论和科学的社会历史性、宏观可调控性、公众参与民主调控的研究纲领，，以及历史主义的社会系统分析方法，具备了形成科学政治学的学科条件。第二部分主要介绍了萨洛蒙对科学政治学语境的巩固。萨洛蒙的理论研究完全满足了科学政治学的范式，同时从侧面印证了科学政治学范式理论的正确性。首先，他认为科学与人类的幸福和价值相关。科学是人类寻求自由与解放的手段，科学造福人类才是真正的价值所在。其次，他认为科学、政治、民众作为社会建制化系统的三要素，三者密不可分。科学与政治相互依靠，基于政府是民众利益的代理者这点来说，二者的目的都是为公众服务。再次，他认为科学在不同历史环境下特征不同。因此对科学进行研究，要从科学史着眼，联系时代背景，探究问题的原委。最后，他认为科学是社会大系统中的一环，与其他社会要素同形同构。因此科学在宏观上具有可调控性，而公众的参与和民主调控又是科学可调控性的重要组成部分。第三部分主要介绍了萨洛蒙对科学政治学语境的扩张。萨洛蒙的理论不仅仅停留在对科学政治学巩固的单一层面上，更加对科学政治学理论的拓展做出了巨大贡献。首先，他注重科技决策咨询研究。萨洛蒙主要从科技决策过程中政策咨询的特点和发展趋势、表现和作用三部分进行了详细的论述，着重强调了具有专业知识的专家团体参与科技决策的重要性，并且从侧面呼吁政府重视公众的祈盼。其次，他注重技术创新政策研究。萨洛蒙从技术创新政策的演变、技术创新政策中市场的作用和教育的作用三个方面进行了详细研究。最后，他注重科技决策中公众参与的程度研究。萨洛蒙着眼历史，分析不同时期公众参与科技决策的情况得出了公众参与的八个阶段、三种程度。第四部分主要介绍了在科学政治学语境下萨洛蒙理论中的不足之处。萨洛蒙虽然看到了公众参与的重要性，分析了公众参与科技决策的程度，但是对公众参与决策的方式并没有进行详细的研究，这使得萨洛蒙的科学政治学理论的完整性稍显不足。现代公众参与科技决策主要有三种模式：首先，缺失模型；其次，批判-诠释模型；最后，混合论坛模型。关于技术预测的准确性问题，萨洛蒙虽然提出了质疑，也同样没有给出解决问题的方法。研究科学政治学的另一位学者古斯顿提出“预期治理”理论，某种程度上是对这种质疑的解释。
[Abstract]:Science politics is a complex and profound subject system. It is the main research object of the politics and the public which influence the science and the science. Through systematic analysis of the organic interactions of politics, the public and science, we can better adjust science and ensure that science and technology are better for human well-being. In many of the scientists, Salomon began the study of the relationship between science and politics, and formed his own theoretical system. He has a great contribution to the development of science and political science in the fields of science and politics, such as the interaction between scientists, science and politics, science and the public, and the communication of science and the public. On the basis of the subject paradigm of science political science, this paper uses the methods of literature research, case analysis and inductive synthesis, and discusses the consolidation and expansion of the French scientist Salomon's theory of science political science. Zhang, and analyzed the deficiency of Salomon in the study of the theory of science political science. At the same time, in the text, this paper is mainly from four parts. The first part mainly introduces the shape of the science political context. The formation of science political science has experienced both "the former normal form" and "paradigm". At the "the former normal form" stage, while some scholars have studied the relationship between science and politics, it is not clear that the establishment of scientific politics in that "paradigm" phase, a group of scholars, such as Webb, Bernard, Dixon, continue to By systematic analysis, Professor Han-ping thought that the science of science in Berna had already had its own subject paradigm, that is, the scientific values for the benefit of the people, the core theory of the formed triangular structure system and the scientific social history, and the macro-scale The study of the regulation, the public participation in the control of democracy, and the social system analysis method of the historicism, have the science of forming the science of science The second part mainly introduces the scientific political science of Salomon. The consolidation of the context has completely satisfied the paradigm of the science political science, and confirmed the paradigm of the science political science from the side. The correctness of the theory. First, he believes that science and human well-being Science is the means for mankind to seek freedom and liberation. The value of science, politics, and the people as the three elements of the system of social formed systems. The people are closely related to each other. Science and politics depend on each other, and on the basis of the government is the agent of the people's interests, the purpose of both is that To serve the public. Again, he thinks science is in a different historical environment The next characteristic is different. Therefore, it is necessary to study the science, to view from the history of science, to contact the background of the background, to explore In the end, he thought that science was a part of the social system and that it was to be shared with other societies Therefore, science has the ability to control in the macro level, and the participation of the public and the control of democracy are the re-regulation of the science. Part III. The third part mainly introduces Salomon's science and administration. The theory of Salomon's theory is not only on the single level of the consolidation of science political science, but also to the development of the theory of science politics. He made a great contribution. First of all, he focused on the family. The research of the technology decision-making consultation is mainly from the characteristics of the policy consultation and the development trend, the performance and the function of the policy consultation in the process of science and technology decision-making, and emphasizes the importance of the expert group with the professional knowledge in the decision-making of science and technology, and appeals to the government from the side. Pay more attention to the public. Second, he pays attention to the technology The research of the policy of the innovation of the technique. The evolution of the technological innovation policy, the role of the market in the policy of technological innovation and the function of the education are three aspects. In that end, he focused on the public in science and technology decision-making. The degree of participation is based on the history and the analysis of the participation of the public in scientific and technological decision-making at different times. In the fourth part, in the context of science political science, Saro is introduced. The deficiency of the Mongolian theory. Although the importance of public participation is seen in Salomon, the degree of public participation in science and technology decision-making is analyzed, but the way in which the public is involved in decision-making is not studied in detail, which makes the scientific political science of Salomon The integrity of modern public participation in science and technology has three modes: first, missing model; secondly, critical-annotation model; Finally, the hybrid forum model. With regard to the accuracy of the technology forecast, Salomon has raised questions and did not The method of solving the problem is given. The "expected governance" theory is put forward by another scholar in the science of science, and some degree
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D0

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