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孟子民本思想的当代法治文化价值

发布时间:2019-06-24 21:10
【摘要】:孟子的民本思想以天命观和性善论为理论基础,其内涵包括四个方面:在君民关系上主张"民贵君轻";在君臣关系上强调"暴君放伐";提倡国家以"王道"和"仁政"的方式谋求发展;摒弃"霸道"的形式去占领他国领土,唾弃以"不义"形式发起的战争。孟子在仁政措施上提出一系列的"养民、富民、教民"政策对提高战国时期的生产力发挥了举足轻重的作用。在古代,孟子民本思想有其进步性,但也存在不可避免的历史局限性。孟子民本思想的进步性体现在继承并发展了先秦法律价值观,促成封建正统法律思想的形成,相比法家主张的严刑峻法对民众更具有社会可接受性。但与此同时孟子民本思想并没有完全获得现实化,原因在于孟子的民本思想缺乏社会权力合理分配的构想,其宣扬为政在人的"仁政"思想也仅仅是站在统治阶级的立场,力图维护旧的社会秩序。孟子的民本思想对后世的政治制度、刑法制度、以及与经济相关的法律等方面具有深远的影响,其对法治文化建设有两方面的影响,一是对法治文化表层结构的影响,另一方面是对法治文化深层结构的影响。孟子的民本思想在当代法治社会的主要价值是:以"民心"为连接点,它是西方民主思想在中国的本土资源,为当代"以人为本"的民主法治观提供了文化基因。孟子民本思想对建设当代法治文化的价值主要体现在四个方面,孟子的民贵君轻思想是现代以人为本理念的本土资源,在此基础上需要完善民主政治,在立法上坚持民心至上、以普遍民意为立法之本。孟子的仁政措施主要在于"富民、养民、教民",当代法治文化的建设离不开政府一系列"惠民、富民"的行政政策。执法作为法律运行中的重要环节,建设法治文化更需严守依法行政这一重要环节,在执法上坚持合法行政、合理行政、程序正当、权责一致等原则。孟子提出对崇尚"霸道"的君王,在其制定的政策下,社会上存在"途有饿殍"的惨状时,大臣有对其采取"放、伐"处罚措施的权力。这一点对法治文化建设的借鉴意义在于,法治文化的建设离不开完善的法律体系,我们在立法上坚决抵制恶法,对建立的恶法应予废除,在一定情况下赋予公务员抵抗权。法治国家发展的文化基调主张以德服人,走"王道"路线的同时提高公民法律意识加强法治教育。法治文化是与人治文化相对的一种进步文化形态,它是实现法治国家过程中所具有或应当具有的带有规范化和强制性的文化,也是社会文明进步的标志。法治文化包含法治意识形态、完善的法律制度、物化的法治文化、良好健全的法治观念以及执政者依法行政、公民自觉守法所构建的法治环境。法治文化的本质是民主法治,因此。法治文化更是一种在民主政治的治国理念和与此相适应的制度模式确立过程中,逐渐形成的一种社会生活方式和社会文化形态。法治文化对我国建设法治国家具有积极的引领和推动作用,因而越来越多的国内外学者和专家开始对法治文化进行深入的研究,党和国家的领导人也越来越重视我国法治文化的建设。虽然现在已经有很多学者研究我国的法治文化,但把孟子的民本思想与我国的法治文化结合的学术研究很少见。本文积极采纳孟子民本思想中的有利因素,通过借鉴孟子民本思想中的精华,探求法治文化意蕴的基本价值观,阐释法治文化所追求的最终目的,立足本国的基本国情,以期为我国的社会主义法治文化建设提供理论支撑。
[Abstract]:Mencius's people's thought is based on the theory of life and nature, and its connotation includes four aspects: the proposition of the "The people of the people are light and light" in the relationship of the people and the people; the emphasis on the "despot" in the relationship of the monarch and the people; and the promotion of the development of the state in the "Wang Tao" and the "Ren Zheng" way; The form of "rejection of the bully" to occupy the territory of other countries and to abandon the war in the form of "unjust". Mencius put forward a series of "The people of the people, the rich and the people" policies to improve the productivity of the Warring States period. In ancient times, Mencius' thought has its progressive nature, but there are inevitable historical limitations. The progressive nature of Mencius' thought is embodied in the inheritance and development of the pre-Qin legal values, which led to the formation of the feudal orthodox legal thought. But at the same time, Mencius' thought of the people was not completely realistic, because Mencius' thought of the people's thought lacked the idea of the rational distribution of the social power, and the idea that the people's" benevolence "thought was only the position of the ruling class, and tried to maintain the old social order. Mencius's people's thoughts have a far-reaching influence on the political system, the criminal law system and the laws related to the economy, and it has two effects on the construction of the rule of law and culture, and the first is the influence of the structure of the rule of law culture. On the other hand, it is the influence of the deep structure of the rule of law culture. The main value of Mencius' thought in the contemporary rule of law is to use the "the heart of the people" as the connection point, which is the native resource of the western democratic thought in China, and provides the cultural gene for the democratic rule of law of the contemporary "people-oriented". The value of Mencius' people's thoughts on the construction of the contemporary rule of law is mainly reflected in the four aspects. Mencius' thought is the native resource of the modern people-oriented concept. On the basis of this, it is necessary to improve the democratic politics, to adhere to the supreme of the people in the legislation, and to adopt the universal public opinion as the foundation of the legislation. Mencius' benevolence and administration measures mainly lie in the "The people of the people, the people and the people", and the construction of the contemporary rule of law culture cannot be separated from the government's series of "Hui Min, Fumin" administrative policies. As an important link in the legal operation, the law enforcement is an important link in the construction of the rule of law, and it is necessary to adhere to the principle of legal administration, reasonable administration, proper procedure and responsibility on law enforcement. Mencius proposed to advocate the "overland" of the "There's a hunger in the way.", and in the policy of the development, the minister has the power to take the "to put and cut" punishment measures. The reference of this point to the construction of the rule of law culture is that the construction of the rule of law culture cannot be separated from the perfect legal system. The cultural tone of the national development of the rule of law is to improve the legal consciousness of the citizens and strengthen the education of the rule of law. The rule of law culture is a kind of progressive cultural form that is opposite to the people's rule of law. It is the symbol of the national process of the rule of law, which has the standard and the compulsory culture and the progress of the social civilization. The rule of law culture includes the ideology of the rule of law, the perfect legal system, the materialization of the rule of law culture, the sound and sound rule of law, and the rule of law environment constructed by the government and the citizen. The essence of the rule of law culture is the democratic rule of law, so. The rule of law culture is a kind of social life style and the social and cultural form that are gradually formed in the process of the democratic politics and the system mode. The rule of law culture has a positive lead and impetus to the construction of the rule of law in our country, so more and more scholars and experts at home and abroad have begun to study the rule of law culture in depth, and the leaders of the Party and the state also attach great importance to the construction of the rule of law culture in our country. Although many scholars have studied the culture of the rule of law in our country, the study of Mencius' people's thoughts and the culture of the rule of law in our country is very rare. This paper actively adopts the favorable factors in Mencius' people's thought, and through the use of the essence of Mencius' people's thought, to explore the basic values of the cultural implication of the rule of law, to explain the ultimate purpose of the rule of law culture, to base on the basic national conditions of the country, In order to provide the theoretical support for the construction of the socialist rule of law culture in our country.
【学位授予单位】:辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:D092;D920.0

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