洛克政治合法性理论初探

发布时间：2019-07-20 05:02

【摘要】：洛克的政治合法性理论是西方政治合法性理论发展链条中极为重要的一环。政治合法性源于民众同意。政府的公共权力源于人民在订立社会契约时的委托式授权,公共权力政治合法性的根源在于民众自愿的结合和人们自由地选择他们的统治者和政府形式;政治合法性奠基于保护权利。人的生命、自由和财产权是人最基本的自然权利,不可让渡、不可剥夺、不可侵犯,保护个体权利尤其是保护财产权是公共权力赖以存在的基础。国家是人民自由契约的产物,统治者也是缔约方,其统治合法性的维持依赖于对人民生命、自由和财产权的有效保护;政治合法性依赖于分权制衡。理想的政体形式是国家权力的各部分相互制约的政治共同体,立法权高于行政权和对外权,但立法权本身也必须受到有效制约。
[Abstract]:Locke's theory of political legitimacy is a very important part of the development chain of western political legitimacy theory. Political legitimacy stems from popular consent. The public power of the government originates from the entrusted authorization of the people when they enter into the social contract. The root of the political legitimacy of the public power lies in the voluntary combination of the people and the free choice of their rulers and forms of government, and the political legitimacy is based on the protection of rights. Human life, freedom and property rights are the most basic natural rights of human beings, which can not be transferred, deprived and inviolable. The protection of individual rights, especially the protection of property rights, is the basis for the existence of public rights. The state is the product of the people's free contract, and the ruler is also a contracting party. The maintenance of its ruling legitimacy depends on the effective protection of the people's life, freedom and property rights, and the political legitimacy depends on the separation of powers and checks and balances. The ideal form of polity is a political community in which all parts of state power restrict each other. Legislative power is higher than executive power and foreign power, but legislative power itself must also be effectively restricted.
【作者单位】：广东省委党校科社教研部(广东行政学院政治学教研部);
【分类号】：D09

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