基于差距理论构建的一个危机反应模式——以美国9.11危机反应为例
发布时间：2022-01-04 16:33
当前，随着全球各类灾害日益频发，包括战争、灾害、恐怖、骚乱在内的大量危机事件已构成世界各国共同面临的严峻挑战。美国遭受的“9.11”恐怖主义袭击、中国的SARS疫情、伊拉克战争危机、伊朗大地震使更多的人认识到灾害管理已成为发展经济、稳定社会、保障人民生命财产安全的紧迫任务。本文以Saundra K. Schneider的差距理论（Gap theory）为发端，以美国9.11恐怖主义袭击事件为分析样本，截取危机管理中的反应阶段为观察时段，探讨了政府灾害防御体系中的弹性因素（resilience）和非政府力量对危机应对效果的影响。 文章的主要结论是政府政策中的弹性和非政府力量的介入能够有效减小差距（gap）、提高政府应对效能, 两者的合力（synergy）建构出一个危机反应模式。希望该文能为我国现代危机管理体系的构建者提供一点启发。 论文所用理论框架是Saundra K. Schneider的差距理论（Gap theory），该理论将政府官僚规范（bureaucratic norms）和民众规范（public norms）加以区分，两者在灾害爆发后的各自变化及产生的差距（gap）是理...
【文章来源】：对外经济贸易大学北京市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：72 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
Page
List of Tables and FiguresIII
Chapters
1 Introduction
1.1 An overview of Past Studies and the Genesis of the Present Paper
1.2 Significance
1.3 Layout
1.4 Key Definitions
2 Theoretical Framework: Saundra K. Schneider’s Gap Theory
2.1 Two sets of norms in normal situations
2.2 The Gap in disaster situations
2.2.1 the Rise of emergent norms
2.2.2 the Bureaucratic pathology in emergency managementSystem
2.2.3 the Immediate consequence of the gap
3 An Ideal Emergency Response Model
3.1 Governmental resilience in disaster response
3.2 Non-governmental forces’ role in narrowing the gap
3.2.1 the Mass media in crisis situation
3.2.2 Non-governmental organizations
3.3 An ideal emergency response model
4 Case Study
4.1 The United States federal emergency management system
4.1.1 Legislative history of governmental involvement in disaster
4.1.2 Organizational history of American emergency managementSystem
4.1.3 the Working mechanism of the federal emergency Management system
4.1.4 Characteristics of the System
4.2 the September 11 terrorist attacks
4.2.1 A brief account of the attacks
4.2.2 the Response of disaster victims
4.2.3 Governmental response: Glittered with Resilience
4.2.4 Non-governmental forces’ response
4.2.4.1 the Mass media
4.2.4.2 the Non-government organizations and volunteers
4.2.5 the Gap and the effectiveness of government response
5 Conclusion and implications
5.1 Implications
5.2 Regrets and future research directions
Appendixes
A. Chronology of U.S. Disaster Relief Legislation
B. Organizational response to the September 11th Pentagon attack
C. Evolution of Federal Disaster Management Functions
Bibliography
本文编号：3568680
【文章来源】：对外经济贸易大学北京市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：72 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
Page
List of Tables and FiguresIII
Chapters
1 Introduction
1.1 An overview of Past Studies and the Genesis of the Present Paper
1.2 Significance
1.3 Layout
1.4 Key Definitions
2 Theoretical Framework: Saundra K. Schneider’s Gap Theory
2.1 Two sets of norms in normal situations
2.2 The Gap in disaster situations
2.2.1 the Rise of emergent norms
2.2.2 the Bureaucratic pathology in emergency managementSystem
2.2.3 the Immediate consequence of the gap
3 An Ideal Emergency Response Model
3.1 Governmental resilience in disaster response
3.2 Non-governmental forces’ role in narrowing the gap
3.2.1 the Mass media in crisis situation
3.2.2 Non-governmental organizations
3.3 An ideal emergency response model
4 Case Study
4.1 The United States federal emergency management system
4.1.1 Legislative history of governmental involvement in disaster
4.1.2 Organizational history of American emergency managementSystem
4.1.3 the Working mechanism of the federal emergency Management system
4.1.4 Characteristics of the System
4.2 the September 11 terrorist attacks
4.2.1 A brief account of the attacks
4.2.2 the Response of disaster victims
4.2.3 Governmental response: Glittered with Resilience
4.2.4 Non-governmental forces’ response
4.2.4.1 the Mass media
4.2.4.2 the Non-government organizations and volunteers
4.2.5 the Gap and the effectiveness of government response
5 Conclusion and implications
5.1 Implications
5.2 Regrets and future research directions
Appendixes
A. Chronology of U.S. Disaster Relief Legislation
B. Organizational response to the September 11th Pentagon attack
C. Evolution of Federal Disaster Management Functions
Bibliography
本文编号：3568680
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