中国古代谏官制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 08:34

本文关键词： 谏官制度谏官特权与职业道德圣贤思想与和谐理论观念　出处：《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2000年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：谏官制度是中国专制君主政体的构成部分之一 ,是值得研究的重要政治历史现象。自周代设“保氏”以降 ,各朝皆有谏议大夫等谏官的设置。谏官言事一是“廷诤” ,二是“上封事”。谏官的“特权”是言者无罪 ,谏官的职业道德是“宁鸣而死 ,不默而生”。谏官制度是专职监察皇帝的制度。其所以能绵延几千年 ,是中国古代政治制度的基本属性所使然 ,在某种程度上弥补了由帝王独断所可能造成的对王朝根本利益的损害 ,同时也迫使统治者采取一些有利于人民的进步措施。谏官制度的思想基础一是氏族民主制的古代圣贤思想 ,二是“以多物 ,务和同”的和谐理论观念。谏官制度存在着历史的局限性 ,谏官大多是“披腹心而效愚忠” ;谏诤是以帝王之“舟”免遭覆没为目的 ,以“忠君”为准则的 ;谏官大多没有好下场
[Abstract]:The system of remonstrating officials is one of the components of China's autocratic monarchy, and is an important political historical phenomenon worthy of study. Second, "the matter of the superior". The "privilege" of the admonition officer is the innocence of the speaker, and the professional ethics of the remonstrant official is "rather singing and dying, but not living in silence". The admonition official system is a system dedicated to supervising the emperor. It can last for thousands of years. As a result of the basic attributes of the ancient Chinese political system, to a certain extent, it made up for the damage to the fundamental interests of the dynasty that might be caused by the arbitrariness of emperors. At the same time, it also forced the rulers to take some progressive measures in favour of the people. The ideological basis of the system of remonstrating officials was, first, the ancient saints and sages of the clan democracy, and the second, "with many things," The system of remonstrating officials has its historical limitations, most of which are "put on the stomach and follow the loyalty of the fool", the purpose of admonition is to avoid the overturning of the emperor's "boat", and the "loyalty to the monarch" is the criterion. Most admonitions don't end well.
【作者单位】：江汉大学秘书学系!湖北武汉430019
【分类号】：K207

【共引文献】