论司马光的历史盛衰总结

发布时间：2018-03-24 12:51

本文选题：司马光　切入点：历史总结　出处：《武陵学刊》2016年03期

【摘要】：北宋司马光的编年体通史《资治通鉴》,乃西汉司马迁的纪传体通史《史记》之后,中国古代史学发展的又一座丰碑。司马光总结盛衰以"资治"为目的,"通"为其取鉴资治的特点,这一特点体现在取鉴范围的"贯通"、取鉴思维的"通变"、取鉴价值的"求通"三个方面。司马光总结盛衰的重点,在形形色色的"乱世",总结"乱世"以避免其重演,更能达到"资治"的目的,故对"乱世"形成的原因、对衰败丧亡的教训、对君主行为的过失,着力考察与反思甚多。司马光视治乱兴亡为君主行为所致,历史总结中贯穿探讨"君道"这一核心,强调君主对国家的责任,因为君主之"德"影响天下,君主之"才"关乎兴亡,君主"用人"决定成败。君主应善于发现人才,用人须明察忠奸,做到信赏必罚,不徇私情而至公至明。综观司马光的史学遗产,社会价值与学术价值融为一体,无论对史学研究,还是对治国兴邦,不仅有现实意义,而且有历史意义。
[Abstract]:Si Maguang's Chronicle of the Northern Song Dynasty "A General History of the Chronicle of the Book of Ages" is after the general history of the chronicle of the Western Han Dynasty, which was written by Si Maqian. Another monument to the development of ancient Chinese historiography. Si Maguang summed up the characteristics of prosperity and decline in order to "govern by capital" and "Tong" as its source. This characteristic is embodied in the following three aspects: "pass through" in the scope of learning, "change" in thinking, and "seek communication" in the value of learning. Si Maguang sums up the key points of prosperity and decline, sums up "turbulent times" in all kinds of "troubled times" in order to avoid a repeat of them. Therefore, there are many reasons for the formation of "troubled times", the lessons of decline and death, and the mistakes of monarchs. Si Maguang regards the rise and fall of chaos as the result of monarchical behavior. In the summary of history, the core of "monarch's way" is discussed, emphasizing the monarch's responsibility to the country, because the monarch's "virtue" affects the whole world, the monarch's "ability" is related to the rise and fall, and the monarch's "employing" determines the success or failure. The monarch should be good at discovering talents. It is necessary for people to make clear that they are loyal and traitorous, that they must be punished for their trust and reward, and that they will not practice favouritism. If you look at Si Maguang's historical heritage, social value and academic value should be integrated into one, which is not only of practical significance to the study of history, but also to governing the country and prospering the country. And it has historical significance.
【作者单位】：岭南师范学院历史系;
【分类号】：K204.3

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