司马迁的《春秋》观初探

发布时间：2018-04-03 17:42

本文选题：司马迁　切入点：《史记》　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：司马迁所著《史记》是我国正史的开端,对后世影响巨大。当我们探索其成书背景时,《春秋》扮演了重要角色,要想进一步了解《史记》成书及司马迁的史学思想,理解司马迁的《春秋》观成了必要。第一章,通过探讨汉初对秦亡教训的反思与黄老无为的关系,我们了解到文景之治的形成离不开这样的历史反思,同时,黄老道家也对司马谈影响甚深。而当景、武时代,儒学兴起时,身为黄老道家的司马谈也受汉武帝好儒术、议封禅的影响,表示了对儒学的接纳,在此背景中形成继《春秋》著史的志愿,并将此志愿传之司马迁。在第二章中,通过借助《史记会注考证》来搜罗司马迁叙述春秋史的史料来源,我们看出司马迁在书写春秋史时,《春秋》经传所具有的重要史料价值,同时,也看到司马迁的春秋史叙述已超出《春秋》经传的范畴,无论是在叙史中运用《国语》、诸子及今已逸书,还是其对《春秋》经传的拆解重构与补充,都可实实在在地证明这一点。第三章通过比较司马迁与董仲舒的异同,挖掘《史记》中的公羊学,我们发现司马迁所积极倡导的太初改历即有受董仲舒“三统”说影响,而“大一统”思想则是《史记》书写中贯彻得最为彻底的公羊学说,但公羊学及董仲舒的影响并未泛化,如在灾异学说上,司马迁与董仲舒的差异即较明显。当我们讨论到《史记》所受《左传》影响时,发现《左传》长于叙史的特点对《史记》实录的形成具有重要意义,同时,我们也发现,司马迁提出以礼说《春秋》实有《左传》学者贾谊影响,而非向壁虚造。当讨论到《史记》中的z@梁学时,我们对学界有一定影响的日本学者本田成之所认为的《史记》记载汉景帝时黄生、辕固生论“汤武革命”涉及《z@梁传》的说法进行了辩正。司马迁的《史记》,是继《春秋》而作,其所以能“成一家之言”,开我国纪传体正史的先河,在于司马迁尊经而不泥经,这又恰与当时经学初兴的时代背景不无关联。
[Abstract]:< > written by Sima Qian is the beginning of China's official history records, a tremendous impact on future generations. When we explore its background, "spring and Autumn" played an important role, in order to further understand the < > records into a book and Sima Qian's historical thought, and understanding of Sima Qian's view of < > became necessary. The first chapter the relationship between the early Han Dynasty of Qin Dynasty from the reflection and Huanglao inaction, we understand that Wenjingzhizhi cannot do without the formation of historical reflection, so at the same time, Huang Lao also spoke to Sima about deep influence. And when the king, Wu era, the rise of Confucianism, as Huang Lao Sima talk by the Han Dynasty Confucianism influence on good, Fengshan, said the acceptance of Confucianism, this background formed in the history of the spring and Autumn period following the < > volunteer, and the voluntary transfer of Sima Qian. In the second chapter, by means of historical research to be < note > for Sima Qian described the history of the spring and autumn of historical sources, I They see Sima Qian in writing the history of the spring and autumn, spring and autumn classics > < important historical value, at the same time, also saw Sima Qian's narrative history of the spring and Autumn period has been exceeded by the < > and < category, whether the use of Mandarin in Syria > history, scholars and now Yi book, or the "spring and Autumn" the reconstruction and supplement dismantling pass, can truly prove it. The third chapter compares the similarities and differences between Sima Qian and Dong Zhongshu, < > in the mining records of the ram school, we found that Sima Qian advocated in the beginning of the calendar reform by Dong Zhongshu's "three series" influence, and the "unified" the idea is to implement in writing < > records the most thorough Gongyang theory, but the influence of Gongyang and Dong Zhongshu did not generalization, as in disaster theory, Sima Qian and Dong Zhongshu that the difference was obvious. When we talk about "historical records by < > > of < Zuozhuan, found Left Biography > longer than Syria The history of the formation of characteristics of historical records in < > is important, at the same time, we also found that Sima Qian proposed by said spring is < > > < Zuozhuan scholar Jia Yi, instead. When discussing the "records of the historian's > z@ in Liang Xueshi, we have a certain influence on the academic study of Honda Japan the < > that records recorded when the Han Emperor Huang," Tang Wu Xuanyuan solid theory of revolution "relates to statement were on Sima Qian's historical records. < >, < > is the spring and autumn, so it's able to" open our statements of a school ", biographical history precedent. In Sima Qian respect by not after, it was exactly with the beginning of the era of classics are not unrelated.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K204.2

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