说“军吏”——从长沙走马楼吴简谈起

发布时间：2018-04-16 19:55

本文选题：军吏 + 吴简　；参考：《文史哲》2005年02期

【摘要】：“军吏”涵义在先秦时指军队中除士兵之外的各级军官,战国时期层级有所下移,指将军以下的中下级军官。汉代以校尉为将军与军吏的分界线,此外幕府中的各色吏员亦属“军吏”范畴。魏晋南北朝沿袭汉制,也以将领所辖中下级军官和军府属吏为“军吏”,不过,“军吏”与将军并非截然划分,而具有一定的相对性。由于“军吏”范围宽泛,其上下层之地位亦相去悬远。吴简中的“军吏”属于军中下层吏员。他们与其他“吏民”一样被编入基层户籍,在经济上与其他编户齐民一样都有“名田”的权利和赋徭的义务,在政治上同样都有赐爵的权利。“军吏”在吴简中的六种“吏民”中,其待遇、地位等同或略高于普通农民和“卒”,而低于“士”、“复民”和“吏”。吴
[Abstract]:The meaning of "military official" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty refers to the officers at all levels in the army except the soldiers, and the level of the warring States period has moved down, referring to the middle and lower officers below the general.In the Han Dynasty, warlords were regarded as the dividing lines between generals and military officials, in addition, all kinds of officials in the shogunate also belonged to the category of "military officials".The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties followed the Han system, and the middle and lower officers and subordinate officials of the generals were also regarded as "military officials". However, the "military officials" and the generals were not separated completely, but had certain relativity.Because of the wide range of "military officials", the position of the upper and lower levels is also far away.The "military officials" in Wu Bamboo slips belong to the middle and lower ranks of the army.Like other "officials and people", they were incorporated into the grass-roots household register. They had the right of "famous farmland" and the obligation to tax taxes as well as the right to grant viscount in politics.Among the six kinds of "officials and people" in Wu Bamboo slips, the treatment of "military officials" is equal or slightly higher than that of ordinary peasants and pawns, but lower than that of "Shi", "Fumin" and "officials".Wu
【作者单位】：包头师范学院历史系
【分类号】：K207

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