中国古代人“名”的使用及其意义——尊卑、统属与责任

发布时间：2018-05-07 21:46

本文选题：中国古代 + 人名使用　；参考：《历史研究》2005年05期

【摘要】：称名与不称名,在西周春秋以来的日常交往中体现和确认交往双方地位的尊卑高下。春秋以后则出现了通过“策名委质”将隶属关系固定化的做法,用以建立稳定的统属关系。后代出现的百官“名籍”与战国时产生的普遍户籍制度均有类似的作用与意义。基于此,百姓又以“名”为媒介建立了与不同性质的“物”的责任关系:“物勒工名”体现了工匠、监造官吏对器物质量的责任关系;“名田宅”体现了“农”对系于其名下的田地负有的向官府交纳赋税、服役的责任;官文书上的署名包含了有关官吏所承担的性质不同的责任;从而搭建起帝国中君—臣(民)—物的基本关系构架。分析人“名”如何使用,有助于从内在脉络认识中国古代国家的形态。
[Abstract]:Naming and not naming embody and confirm the status of both sides in the daily communication since the Spring and Autumn period of the Western Zhou Dynasty. After the Spring and Autumn period, there appeared the practice of immobilization of the subordinate relationship through "name appointed quality", which was used to establish a stable unified relationship. The "famous register" of the next generation has the same function and significance as the universal household registration system in the warring States period. Based on this, the common people established the responsibility relationship with the different nature of "thing" in the medium of "name": "the name of the worker" embodies the relationship between the craftsmen and the officials in charge of the quality of the utensils; The "famous farmland and House" embodies the responsibility of "farmers" to pay taxes and serve to the government, and the signature on the official documents contains the different nature of the responsibility of the officials concerned. In order to build the imperial monarch-minister (the people-the-thing) basic relationship framework. It is helpful to understand the state form of ancient China from the internal context by analyzing how to use people's "name".
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院历史研究所
【分类号】：K207

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