论康德的宗教哲学

发布时间：2018-01-01 22:37

本文关键词：论康德的宗教哲学　出处：《安徽大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：康德在批判地考察人类理性的各个方面时，他实质上把人的问题归结为两个方面：理性与宗教。要想搞清人是什么这个问题，就必须回答它的对立面神是什么?这就是康德的宗教哲学。因此理性思想和宗教思想是康德哲学同时被思考的两个主题，是一明一暗两条主线，其中理性思想是明线，一贯到底：宗教思想是暗线，并随着探讨的深入逐步地明朗化。本文主要探讨了康德宗教哲学的缘起、形成、发展的历程和特征。首先试图说明家庭学校社会对康德宗教思想形成所产生的影响。康德是一个非常复杂的人物，一方面他崇尚科学反对宗教，另一方面他的生活又受到了宗教特别是虔敬教派深深的影响；家庭的环境很容易让他的思想形成道德中心论。这样他反对神又割舍不掉神；他强调科学和理性，又认同了上帝在道德领域的价值。这些都为康德的宗教思想的“哥白尼革命”打下基础。其次探究宗教哲学思想在整个康德哲学体系中的发展历程。前批判时期宗教问题和理性问题是被同时思考着。第一批判中他把上帝排斥在科学的范围之外，同时为上帝的存在留下地盘。第二批判中，他认为道德是宗教的基础，上帝是道德理性的推论，同时又成为人到达“至善”的保证。在道德中心论的基础上他重建了宗教，实现了宗教思想的“哥白尼革命”。《判断力批判》中对美学的论述为宗教思想的进一步阐释提供了调和、和谐思想。基于这种思想，康德完成了传统思想与理性思想的调和，同时也使传统宗教思想与宗教理念之间得以调和。本文认为康德宗教思想的缘起，，一方面从人的本性上来说，在于人的有限性及有限的人对无限理念追求所产生困惑与彷徨；另一方面从西方传统哲学思想来看，它根源于西方传统哲学思想中对一系列相对立的范畴的割裂：绝对与相对、纯粹与杂多、感性与理性、一与多、动与静等，正是由于这一系列范畴的割裂才需要一个上帝来弥合有限的人与无限理念的裂痕。因此上帝既是调和的产物又是调和的手段。此选题的意义在于挖掘康德宗教思想的创见性，进一步地揭示宗教哲学的转换，在这种转换中康德的宗教哲学思想起了关键的作用。
[Abstract]:When Kant critically examined all aspects of human rationality, he essentially reduced the question of human beings to two aspects: reason and religion. In order to understand the question of what man is, he must answer its opposite God. This is Kant's philosophy of religion. Therefore, rational thought and religious thought are the two themes of Kant's philosophy which are considered simultaneously, and are the two main lines of one light and one dark, in which rational thought is the bright line. Consistent to the end: religious thought is the dark line, and as the discussion gradually become clear. This paper mainly discusses the origin and formation of Kant's religious philosophy. First of all, it attempts to explain the influence of homeschooling society on the formation of Kant's religious thought. Kant is a very complicated figure. On the one hand, he advocates science and opposes religion. On the other hand, his life was deeply influenced by religion, especially the religious religion. It is easy for the family environment to form a moral centeredness of his mind, so that he opposes God and cannot give up God; He emphasized science and reason. It also recognizes the value of God in the realm of morality. These are the "Copernican Revolution" of Kant's religious thought. Lay the foundation. Secondly, explore the development process of religious philosophy thought in the whole Kant philosophy system. In the first critique, he excluded God from the scope of science. Outside. In the second critique, he thinks that morality is the foundation of religion and God is the inference of moral reason. At the same time, he became the guarantee of man's reaching the "supreme good". He rebuilt religion on the basis of the theory of moral center. Realized the "Copernican Revolution" of religious thought. The exposition of aesthetics in critique of judgment provided the harmonious and harmonious thought for the further interpretation of religious thought. Kant completed the harmony between traditional thought and rational thought, at the same time, made the traditional religious thought and religious idea conciliated. This paper holds that the origin of Kant's religious thought lies in, on the one hand, the limitation of human beings and the confusion and hesitation of limited people in the pursuit of infinite ideas, on the one hand, from the point of view of human nature; On the other hand, it originates from the separation of a series of opposite categories in the western traditional philosophy: absolute and relative, pure and miscellaneous, perceptual and rational, one and more, moving and still, and so on. It is precisely because the division of this series of categories requires a God to bridge the rift between finite human beings and infinite ideas that God is both a product and a means of reconciliation. The significance of this topic lies in exploring the originality of Kant's religious thought and further revealing the transformation of religious philosophy, in which Kant's religious philosophy thought plays a key role.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：B516.31;B91

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