由文化多元主义向多元文化主义的转变：20世纪美国宗教的多元化发展

发布时间：2018-01-10 22:07

本文关键词：由文化多元主义向多元文化主义的转变：20世纪美国宗教的多元化发展　出处：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 宗教多元化是美国历史中存在已久的事实。随着新移民的不断涌入,宗教多元化问题被不断赋予新的意义与内容。二十世纪,美国社会发生了两次大规模的移民潮,对美国社会产生了重大影响,并且在社会文化与认同方面引发了许多革命性的变化。这其中包括二十世纪两次重要的文化思潮运动:“文化多元主义”与“多元文化主义”运动,在这两次文化运动的影响之下,美国人民对于美国文化与民族认同经历了从盎格-鲁撒克逊白人的美国到欧洲白人的美国再到多元化的美国的改变。在宗教认同方面,也经历了从新教的美国到基督宗教内部多元化再到信仰多元化的变化。经过几个世纪的发展,美国宗教多元化的内涵不断扩大:从20世纪初期以前的新教一统天下到20世纪中期所形成的犹太教、天主教、新教三位一体的宗教主流,最后延伸至基督教以外的宗教信仰。通过对美国历史的回顾,可以发现,美国不仅拥有悠久的多元化历史,更是一个基督教传统的国家。二十世纪六十年代的移民潮,一改以往的历史,带来了大批来自非基督教信仰国家或地区的移民。一方面,这些新移民的到来不仅对美国人民传统的基督教国家认同提出了挑战,也对美国社会文化产生了重要影响。另一方面,在他们积极融入美国社会的同时,这些新的移民也面临着众多来自宗教与文化等方面的挑战。这些挑战也为宗教多元化的进一步发展提出了难题。
[Abstract]:Religious pluralism is a long-standing fact in the history of the United States. With the continuous influx of new immigrants, the issue of religious pluralism has been given new significance and content. 20th century. There have been two large-scale waves of immigrants in American society, which have had a great impact on American society. And it has caused many revolutionary changes in the aspect of social culture and identity, including two important cultural ideological movements in 20th century: "Cultural pluralism" and "multiculturalism". Under the influence of these two cultural movements. The American people have experienced changes in American culture and national identity from the Anglo-Saxon white America to the European white America to the pluralistic United States. It also experienced the change from Protestant America to the pluralism of Christian religion and then to the diversity of faith. After several centuries of development. The connotation of religious pluralism in the United States continues to expand: from the pre#date0# Protestantism to the religious mainstream of Judaism, Catholicism and Protestantism formed in the middle of 20th century. Through a review of American history, we can find that the United States not only has a long history of pluralism. In 1960s, the tide of immigrants changed the history, brought a large number of immigrants from non-Christian faith countries or regions. On the one hand. The arrival of these new immigrants not only challenges the traditional Christian nation identity of the American people, but also has an important impact on American social culture. On the other hand, they actively integrate into American society at the same time. These new immigrants also face numerous challenges from religion and culture. These challenges also pose problems for the further development of religious pluralism.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B929

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