美国宗教：明日黄花或是活力依旧

发布时间：2018-01-25 04:37

本文关键词： 现代化世俗化宗教繁荣宗教市场理论　出处：《上海外国语大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 长期以来,学术界对美国宗教的问题争论不休,一直没有形成统一看法。提出现代化命题的社会学家,人类学家和政治学家认为现代化进程会导致宗教世俗化,宗教将日渐式微,最终消亡。然而,随着人类社会现代性的加深,这一世俗化预言并未在世界范围内实现。美国作为最受现代化程度最高的国家,呈现出一派生机勃勃的宗教景象,与欧洲的宗教形势形成强烈反差。为挽救世俗化范式,一些学者声称美国宗教已失去了其宗教神圣性,徒留一派繁荣的表象,另一些学者则认为美国宗教丧失了社会影响力和话语权,沦为了纯粹的精神慰藉和个人选择。与此同此,另一派宗教学家提出完全不同的范式,认为宗教不但没有被削弱,反而愈加强大了,而美国宗教就是典型。本文试图从理论,数据和历史角度分析美国宗教,论证美国宗教未被世俗化,即美国宗教不但保留了其神圣的宗教性,并且仍然扮演着不可或缺的社会角色。由于学术界对宗教和世俗化的定义尚无定论,本文紧扣最基本的三个宗教元素,从宗教头脑,个人宗教行为,和宗教团体的社会影响力三个层面分析美国宗教的境况。本文首先通过对现代化命题和世俗化范式的理论分析,得出(1)现代化进程并非一定引起宗教的世俗化,现代性在一定程度上反而会提高人们对宗教的需要。其次,通过分析美国宗教的数据,可知(2)美国宗教在宗教头脑,个人宗教行为和宗教团体的社会活动三个层面上都非常活跃,由此反驳了美国宗教失去神圣性和社会影响力的观点。再次,本文借用宗教市场模型,通过回顾美国历史,推导出(3)美国宗教之所以繁荣是因为美国社会的多元化和现代化,美国法律和政策对宗教的规定,以及层出不穷的美国宗教派别让美国社会具备了建立一个健康的宗教市场所需的条件。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the academic circles have not formed a unified view on the issue of American religion. Sociologists, anthropologists and political scientists who put forward the proposition of modernization believe that the process of modernization will lead to secularization of religion. Religion will gradually decline and eventually die out. However, with the deepening of the modernity of human society, this secular prophecy has not been realized in the world. The United States is the country with the highest degree of modernization. In order to save the secular paradigm, some scholars claim that American religion has lost its religious sanctity and left the appearance of prosperity. Other scholars believe that American religion has lost its social influence and discourse power, and has reduced itself to pure spiritual comfort and individual choice. In contrast, another sect of religious scholars has put forward a completely different paradigm. This paper tries to analyze American religion from the angle of theory, data and history, and prove that American religion is not secularized. American religion not only retains its sacred religion, but also plays an indispensable social role. As the definition of religion and secularization in academic circles has not yet been decided, this article closely links to the three most basic religious elements, from the religious mind, personal religious behavior. And the social influence of religious groups to analyze the situation of American religion. Firstly, this paper analyzes the modernization proposition and secularization paradigm. It is concluded that the modernization process does not necessarily lead to secularization of religion, modernity to a certain extent will raise the need for religion. Secondly, through the analysis of American religious data. American religion is very active on three levels: religious mind, individual religious behavior and social activities of religious groups, which refutes the view that American religion has lost its sanctity and social influence. Based on the religious market model and reviewing the history of the United States, this paper deduces that religion in the United States thrives because of the pluralism and modernization of American society and the provisions of American laws and policies on religion. And the proliferation of American religious denominations gives American society the conditions needed to establish a healthy religious market.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B929

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