土话传教与词典编著:近代巴黎外方传教士对贵州布依语与黑苗语的实践与研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:45

  本文关键词： 巴黎外方传教士 黔桂滇边 《布依—法词典》 《黑苗—法词典》 民族语言研究　出处：《世界宗教文化》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近代以来,"独享"西南民族地区教务与奉行"科学传教"理念的巴黎外方传教士,通过土话传教与编著词典方式,至少熟练掌握布依族、苗族等11个西南山地民族中15种支系土语,并编著出版《夷—法词典》为代表的民族语言研究著述40余部。其中,贵州"布依话传教第一人"郭德禄,以吴培善与邓明德为榜样,克服重重困难,坚持土话传教,初编布依话版与苗话版的《要理问答》。在此基础上,黔西南"夷语"专家方义和,编著出版《布依—法词典》和《黑苗—法词典》。这批传教士从事此类土话实践与语言研究的"科学传教",主观上劝服众多布依族皈依天主,形成所谓"布依族归化运动",以至1922年罗马批准在黔桂滇边布依族聚集区,专门成立"拯救布依族灵魂"的安龙教区,实乃为中国某一族群而特设的唯一教区;客观上保留不少西南民族语言学研究资料,形成了与学院派西南研究迥异却交织并行的传教士西南研究,有助于西南民族研究的近代学术转型。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, the educational affairs of "exclusive" southwest ethnic areas and the foreign missionaries of Paris who have pursued the idea of "scientific missionary" have at least mastered the Buyi nationality through the means of teaching in vernacular and compiling dictionaries. Among the 11 ethnic groups in Southwest China, Miao nationality and other ethnic groups have 15 branches of native languages, and have compiled and published more than 40 books on the study of national languages represented by the "Yi-French Dictionary". Among them, Guo Delu, "the first person to preach in Buyi dialect," was published in Guizhou. Take Wu Pei-shan and Deng Mingde as examples, overcome many difficulties, persist in teaching in the vernacular, and initially compile the "question and answer" of Buyi dialect and Miao dialect. On this basis, Fang Yihe, an expert on "Yi language" in southwestern Guizhou Province, Edited and published the Bui-French Dictionary and the Black Miao-French Dictionary. These missionary "scientific preachers" engaged in the practice and language study of such vernacular languages, subjectively persuaded many Buyi to convert to God. The formation of the so-called "Buyi nationality naturalization movement", and in 1922, Rome approved the establishment of the Anlong Diocese, which was specially set up to "save the soul of the Buyi people" in the Buyi gathering area on the border of Guizhou and Guangxi. In fact, it was the only diocese specially designed for a certain ethnic group in China. Objectively, a lot of research materials on Southwest ethnolinguistics were retained, which formed the missionary study of Southwest China, which was different from and intertwined with the study of Southwest by academicians, which was helpful to the modern academic transformation of the study of ethnic groups in Southwest China.
【作者单位】： 广东财经大学马克思主义学院;广东财经大学华南商业史研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“天主教与近代黔桂滇边布依族社会变迁研究(1844—1952)”(14CZS031)阶段性成果
【分类号】：B979;H2
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本文编号：1543110