“心灵的驱使”，还是“上帝的召唤”

发布时间：2018-03-07 16:27

  本文选题：油坊庄　切入点：妇女　出处：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 基督教信仰在我国农村广大群众中十分普及,尤其农村妇女信徒占大多数,使其成为目前中国农村教会一支不可忽视的有生力量。改革开放以来,尤其是1980年以来,随着中国大陆基督教信教规模逐步扩大,关于基督教的研究主题也逐步在成为诸多学科的热点,学者们纷纷从文学、宗教学、社会学、历史学、思想政治等多学科维度去考察它。随着基督教本土化热潮的掀起,乡村基督教的世俗化现象等问题也引起了来自各学科学者们的注意,对作为抽象意义上的基督教文化和思想进行了深而系统的研究。但这些研究本身多数缺少第一手的田野调查材料,故而缺乏实证性。另外,国内人类学者对基督教研究正在起步阶段,而针对农村妇女信徒这一群体的相关研究较少。综观国内宗教社会学研究的现状不难发现,目前的研究主要多为纯理论研究及对策性研究,难免流于宏观化、形式化。另一方面,已有的研究成果,大多是从总体上对基督教信仰进行探讨研究,缺乏问题意识,结论往往雷同。但是,地方上的文化现象必须从“地方性知识”获得解答。可以明确的是,不同地方的基督教会的传播不仅受到全国性的外部环境与时代背景的影响,它还受到所在地方的小的社会文化背景的影响。因此,要对基督教进行深入的研究,就必须进一步考察在小的社会文化背景下的影响,把基督教的发展纳入到区域社会文化中加以解释。本文开题的主要意义就在于,通过人类学的独特视角,运用人类学的研究方法,在独特的中原区域文化背景下做关于妇女信仰基督教问题的研究,希望能够给国内文化人类学相关研究注入女性研究的视角,使其进入一个更为全面、广阔的研究空间。作为一项专题研究,关注更多的是油坊庄的独特社会文化,观察妇女“信徒”的“信仰”仪式,特别是“地方性知识”主导的本土化基督教话语；解释“信仰”的符号意义,思考她们在具体参与基督教活动中扮演的角色及“信仰”动机。具体而言本文主要从以下几个方面来论述： 第一章首先介绍了油坊庄妇女信仰生活的大背景,考察了田野所在地点的区域经济、社会和文化的概况,在此基础上了解她们的基本衣食住行和精神生活情况。 第二章描述了油坊庄妇女“信徒”在周寨教会做礼拜的整个“仪式”过程。 第三章个案考察了妇女“信徒”如何信仰这种本土化的乡村基督教,即参与观察她们具体“信仰”仪式,细致描述了油坊庄妇女“信徒”参与基督教前后的一系列生活内心感受,分析她们“信主”的真实角色。 第四章探析妇女“信众”真实的“信仰”动机,即所谓的是“上帝的召唤”的信仰,还是“心灵的驱使”的信仰,得出的我国农村民间信仰本身的动机的结论基于马克斯·韦伯曾指出的那样：中国人没有信仰,因为其动机是实用主义的,世俗化的。基于此种动机上的“信仰”便是一种虚空的存在,于是出现了类似“信得不真”的“主混子”信仰角色等。 当今世界正向着文化多元化、经济全球化迈进,社会倡导民主、自由、开放。新时代要求具有更高素质的女性,妇女群体将是推动社会进步的一股重要力量。最后从乡村社区中信仰与社会、政治、文化的关联,特别讨论作为外来信仰的基督教与乡村社区的精神文化的关系,及由此带给我们的相关思考。 本文是以豫东的一个自然村——油坊庄为个案,围绕6名妇女基督教“信徒”的生活变迁和宗教“仪式”及“信仰”动机来展开的田野调查研究。特别指出的是,由于当地农村“信仰”基督教的“信徒”多为女性群体,本文并没有将乡村妇女作为农村基层人群中特殊群体来进行考察分析。宗教信仰本身,是一种社会心理,它反映特定的社会结构；它一般需要特定人群的支撑,因此一种信仰往往不是个人的,而是社会性的。此项田野研究,直接来源于笔者2009年先后两次前往该村庄,共近40天的参与观察与深入访谈。通过此文的描述,希望能够提供的是笔者对我国转型期的中原乡村妇女精神文化生活及其形态的理解。也许,这种理解是不全面、不完整的,甚至带有主观偏见的,但它却是在新时期背景下,笔者对乡村妇女处于传统与现代化之间、宗教切入与本土化之间“挣扎”与“救赎”等诸多问题思考的一个真实反映,由此带来的对我国乡村社区公共精神文化建设中需要注意的问题的反思,尤其对乡村妇女信仰问题不可忽视。
[Abstract]:The Christian faith is very popular in the rural masses in our country, especially the rural women believers majority, to become the Chinese rural churches a noticeable effective strength. Since the reform and opening up, especially since 1980, with Chinese, Christian religious gradually expand the scale of the research on the topic of Christianity has gradually become the focus in many subjects the scholars from literature, religion, sociology, history, political and other disciplines to examine it. As the dimension problem of boom off of the Christian localization, secularization of Christianity has also attracted the attention of scholars from various disciplines, as the abstract sense of Christian culture and the thought of study on the deep system. But the research itself most lack of first-hand field research materials, there is a lack of empirical. In addition, the domestic scholars of human The study of Christianity is the initial stage, and the related studies on rural women believers of this group is less. The domestic present situation of the study of religion and society is not difficult to find, the present research mainly for pure theory research and countermeasure research, it is bound to be macroscopic, formal. On the other hand, the existing research results, most is to study the Christian faith as a whole, the lack of awareness of the problem, the conclusion is often similar. However, the local cultural phenomenon must be answered from the "local knowledge". It is clear that the spread of different parts of the Christian Church is not only influenced by the national and external environment and the background of the times, it also affected by the local social and cultural background. Therefore, to conduct in-depth research on Christianity, must be further investigated in the small social and cultural context, the Christian The development into regional social culture to explain. The main significance of this topic lies in, through the unique perspective of anthropology, using the research methods of anthropology, do research on women's Christian issues in the Central Plains region unique cultural background, I hope to give domestic research into women from the perspective of cultural anthropology, the it into a more comprehensive and broad research space. As a special study, paid more attention to the unique social and cultural YOUFANGZHUANG, observation of women "believers" "belief" ceremony, especially the "localization of Christian discourse local knowledge led; symbolic meaning interpretation of" faith ", thinking they play in the specific roles and activities involved in Christian belief motivation. Specifically this paper mainly discusses the following aspects:
The first chapter introduces the background of YOUFANGZHUANG women's religious life, examines the regional economic field location, situation of society and culture, based on the basic understanding of their basic necessities of life and spiritual life.
The second chapter describes the YOUFANGZHUANG women "believers" in Zhou Zhai Church of the "ceremony" process.
The third chapter examines the case of women "believers" to believe this localization in Rural Christianity, observing their specific "faith" ceremony, a detailed description of YOUFANGZHUANG women "believers" in Christianity before and after a series of life feelings, analyzing the real role they "believe in the Lord."
The fourth chapter of women "believers" real "faith" motivation, the so-called "God's call" faith, "soul driven" or belief, that China's rural folk belief itself the motivation of Max Webb pointed out that based on the conclusion: the Chinese people have no faith, because of its motivation pragmatism, secularization. The motivation of "faith" is a kind of based on the existence of a void, so there is a similar "letter is not really the master playing role of faith."
In today's world is the cultural diversity, economic globalization towards social democratic, free, open a new era. With more high-quality women, women will be an important force to promote social progress. Finally, from rural communities of faith and social, political, and cultural relevance, especially discusses the relationship between Christianity and rural communities as exotic beliefs of the spiritual culture, and thus to bring our thinking.
鏈�鏂囨槸浠ヨ鲍涓滅殑涓�涓�鑷�鐒舵潙鈥斺，

本文编号：1580050