元明西藏“政教合一”制度与“活佛转世”制度

发布时间：2018-03-08 01:32

本文选题：元明　切入点：西藏　出处：《史学集刊》2013年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：政教合一,并非西藏自古就有,而是蒙古征服大军压境的形势下元世祖与萨迦派帝师八思巴结盟联手的权宜选择。旨在建立蒙元皇帝与萨迦教派共同凌驾于西藏诸部之上的新统治体制,对结束分裂局面和西藏进入中国版图具有特定功用。活佛转世,也不是古来就有。自元后期噶玛噶举黑帽系率先实施,明中叶格鲁派被迫效仿推广,活佛转世又成为化解教派领袖继承纷争的通行办法。它与佛教追求来世的基本教义照应,在供奉释迦牟尼之外,增设了另一个独立的"活佛"崇拜系统。政教合一与活佛转世的偶然结合,构成了相互支撑、俱荣俱损的西藏神权政体的两大支柱。
[Abstract]:The integration of politics and religion is not something that has existed in Tibet since ancient times. It was an expedient choice of alliance between Yuan Shizu and Basiba, the emperor of the Sakya faction, under the situation of Mongolian conquest of the great army. The aim was to establish a new ruling system in which the Mongol Yuan Emperor and the Sakya sect jointly overruled the various ministries of Tibet. It has certain functions for ending the split situation and Tibet entering the Chinese territory. The reincarnation of the living Buddha is not an ancient one. Since the late Yuan Dynasty, the Karma Kagyu Black Hat system was the first to be implemented, and in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Gru faction was forced to follow suit and popularize. The reincarnation of the living Buddha became the way to resolve the disputes over the inheritance of sectarian leaders. It was in keeping with Buddhism's pursuit of the basic teachings of the afterlife, in addition to the worship of Sakyamuni. Another independent "living Buddha" worship system was added. The accidental combination of the unity of government and religion with the reincarnation of the living Buddha constituted two pillars of the Tibetan theocratic regime, which supported each other and damaged all the glory.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“我国历史上关于社会建设理论的研究”(05&ZD036)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：K247;K248;B949

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