金元全真心学研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 21:32

本文选题：金元　切入点：全真教　出处：《中央民族大学》2005年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金元全真(北宗)心学,系指金元之际,王重阳所创立的全真教关于内丹修炼的心性学说。它以老庄思想和传统道教为基础,广泛吸收、融合儒家特别是宋代理学、佛教尤其是禅宗的一些心性思想,结合自身的修炼实践,以道、心、性、神、气、虚、空、静、精等为基本范畴, 来阐述内丹修炼的心性问题,包括三教合一、全真而仙、清静无为、明心见性、功行双全、性命双修等内容,是中国道教史、思想史上风格独特的心性理论。王重阳是全真教的创始人,也是全真心学的奠基者,他提出了全真心学三教合一、识心见性、性命双修等基本观点,建立了全真教独具特色的心性学说。马丹阳的清静修养论,主张忘心见性,清静无为,勾勒了全真心学的基本风貌。丘处机及其龙门派弟子主张从“无为”、“有为” 两个方面来修仙证道,强调外道内儒,内外双修,功行俱全,内外结合, 表现出了强烈的入世精神,既能满足个体的心理需求,又能满足社会群体的现实需要,创造性地发展和丰富了全真道的心性理论。以郝大通为先导、以王志谨为代表的盘山派吸收儒家和禅宗的心性思想,建立起了以心为起点,以心、性、道合一为特色的具有浓厚禅宗色彩的心性理论, 主张境上炼心、心道合一、功行双全等。谭处端、王处一、刘长生、孙不二等全真七子,根据各自的实践,提出了各具特色的心性思想,极大地丰富了全真心学的内容,使全真心学一举成为与佛教的禅宗、儒家的理学并驾齐驱的道教理论,在中国道教史上写下了辉煌的一页。后期, 李道纯、陈致虚等全真大师又内兼南北二宗、外合儒释道禅,形成了一套完整的全真心学的概念范畴体系,将全真心学推向新的高峰,并最终奠定了全真心学在道教史、思想史、文化史上的历史地位。全真心学在创立和完善过程中,融合与吸取了中国传统文化之精华,特别是借鉴与吸纳了儒家、佛教以及传统道教的一些思想和理论。首先,全真教“全真而仙”的宗教理想,已不是魏晋道教追求的肉体长生,而是真性永存,精神超越,这与全真教在吸取佛教教义的基础上形成的生命观密不可分。其次,全真教吸取了佛教的人生皆苦和儒家的心性修养论等思想,来改造传统道教的肉体长生说,促使内丹学在道教中走向兴盛。再次,全真教在对人的本真生命存在的体悟中,吸收了儒家的仁学及修身齐家治国平天下、佛教的自利利他以及墨家的勤苦“摩顶放踵利天下为之”的献身精神,倡导“真功真行”、普渡众生,先人后己,大大改变了传统道教偏重个体成仙而忽视救渡众生的状况。从哲学、宗教学的角度,从思想史的角度,深入研究全真心学,一方面可以有助于人们深入、全面了解全真教的历史与贡献,以正视听; 另一方面可以挖掘全真心学中有价值的思想,古为今用,促进精神文明建设,构建社会主义和谐社会。对全真心学的研究,始终坚持辨证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论,坚持历史与逻辑的统一,了悟与论证的统一。全真道的研究,代不乏人。但研究主要针对全真教的总体,较多地从史的角度考辩全真教的发展,也不同程度地涉及了全真教的思想内涵。本文从史、论结合的角度,专题研究了全真道的心性思想,勾勒了全真心学的总体风貌。关键词:金元,全真教,北宗,王重阳,心性思想
[Abstract]:Jinyuan (in the North) real psychology, refers to the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Wang Chongyang founded the Quanzhen Guan
In the inner alchemy theory of mind. It is based on the traditional Taoism and Taoist thought, wide absorption,
The integration of Confucianism, especially the song agency, Buddhism, especially the Buddhist thoughts of Zen, combined with itself.
Practice is the basic category of Tao, heart, sex, God, Qi, emptiness, emptiness, static and essence, etc.
To explain the nature problem of inner alchemy, including syncretism, Taoism and immortal, quietism, Ming
Heart seeing, work for men, double the life etc., is the history of Taoism Chinese, ideological history unique style
Special heart theory.
Wang Chongyang is the founder of Quanzhen sect, is the founder of Quanzhen theory, he put forward the Quanzhen
Mind syncretism, know the heart seeing, double the life of basic ideas, establish Quanzhen unique
The color theory of mind. Ma Danyang's quiet self-cultivation, forget that the heart seeing, quietism, outline
The basic style of Quanzhen parapsychology. Longmen and qiuchuji sent his disciples from the "Inaction", "promising"
Two aspects of cultivation in Confucianism emphasizes the sermon, outside, inside and outside the double power lines, and taste, inside and outside,
It shows a strong spirit of entering the world, which can not only satisfy the psychological needs of the individual, but also meet the social group.
The body needs the reality, creatively developed and enriched the Taoism theory of mind by Hao Datong.
The Panshan school, represented by Wang Zhijin, was established to absorb the heart thought of Confucianism and Zen.
The heart is the starting point, to heart, into one feature with a strong color of the human nature theory of zen,
Advocate environment exercise heart, heart one, double power lines are congruent. Chuduan a tan, Wang, Liu Changsheng, sun
Only such Quanzhen seven sons, according to their practice, puts forward a distinctive mind greatly
To enrich the content of Quanzhen theory, the Quanzhen theory has become one of Zen Buddhism and Confucianism.
The Taoist theory of science and learning has written a brilliant page in the history of Chinese Taoism.
Li Daochun, Chen Zhixu and other masters of Quanzhen and both the north and south two, outside the Zen Buddhism and Taoism, forming a
The concept of category system of Quanzhen theory complete, the Quanzhen theory to a new peak, and finally
Lay the Quanzhen theory in Taoist history, ideological history, historical status of cultural history.
Quanzhen theory in the establishment and improvement of the process, the traditional culture China fusion and absorb the essence of
China, in particular, drew on and absorbed some ideas and theories of Confucianism, Buddhism and traditional Taoism.
First of all, Quanzhen "Quanzhen and immortal" religious ideal, is not the pursuit of the spirit of long Taoism
True, but eternal spiritual transcendence, and the Quanzhen Sect on Buddhist teachings form
A view of life are inseparable. Secondly, Quanzhen learned Buddhist and Confucian life is suffering heart
On the cultivation of thought, to transform the traditional Taoist immortal body, promote Inner Alchemy in Taoism
Prosperous. Again, the existence of Quanzhen in understanding the essence of human life, absorbed the Confucian
The benevolence and self ruling, altruism and the "hard top mount Buddhism
The spirit of dedication to benefit the world put heel ", advocate" really really ", Purdue, after the deceased
It has greatly changed the situation of the traditional Taoism in which the individual becomes immortal and ignores the salvation of all living beings.
From the perspective of philosophy, religion, from the perspective of history of thought, in-depth study of Quanzhen theory, a
Can help people further, fully understand the history and contribution of Quanzhen sect, to the public;
On the other hand can excavate the valuable Quanzhen theory of thought, make the past serve the present, the promotion of spiritual civilization
Construction and construction of a harmonious socialist society.
For the research of Quanzhen theory, always adhere to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of the world
View and methodology persist in the unity of history and logic, and the unity of enlightenment and argumentation.
Study on Taoism, on behalf of many people. But the research mainly aims at the overall Quanzhen sect, more
The test of Quanzhen debate from the perspective of the history, also varying degrees of Quanzhen thought in
Han. This article from the history, theory point of view, to study the Taoist mind outline
The general features of Quanzhen parapsychology.
Key words: Jinyuan, Quanzhen, beizong, Wang Chongyang, mind

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：B959

【引证文献】