《老子想尔注》与《河上公章句》之道论比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 18:04

本文选题：《老子想尔注》 + 《河上公章句》　；参考：《西南大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 早期道教是道教的初始阶段,《老子想尔注》与《河上公章句》是早期道教时期的重要著作,是对《道德经》的注释,反映的是对“道”的思想的理解(道论),虽然大多学者认为《河上公章旬》是道家经典,而非道教经典,但其养生理论客观上其为早期道教的产生与发展创造了条件。《老子想尔注》则系统发展了成就神仙理论,通过对二者道论的分析,我们可以看到二者对早期道教的形成与发展起到了重大的推动作用,因而必须注重对“道论”的研究。只有这样,才能更好的挖掘道教文化精髓,为和谐社会建设服务。笔者从两部经典的“道论”思想出发,将两者道论思想进行比较研究,探讨二者道论思想的异同、表达的主要思想及对早期道教的影响,以便全面地梳理二者道论思想体系,深入地探讨道教义理,展现道教文化的积极因素。论文主要分四大部分展开: 第一部分为《老子想尔注》与《河上公章句》作者、成书情况及主要思想。本部分是对二者道论比较研究的基础,主要介绍两部经典的作者、成书的基本情况,反映的主要思想,以及现有的研究成果。第二部分主要对二者道论进行比较,特别是关于道之体(本性)的探讨。分四个小部分展开,揭示二者对道的涵义、道与一、道与气、道与宇宙万物的理解,指出二者道论思想的异同,以及所要表达的主要思想,即道之用——成就神仙之道与养生之道。《老子想尔注》将“道”人格神化,显现出其宗教神学目的;《河上公章句》将其看成宇宙本体与自然法则,发展了老子生命哲学,对道之体的理解接近于老子本意。第三部分是对道之用进行系统研究。道之用即是在道之体的理解的基础上对道之理论的深化,运用道论来表达自己的思想理论。《老子想尔注》侧重于神仙理论,处处以“道”为中心进行说教,神化“道”,将老子道的哲学引向了宗教神学,确立了道教的信仰对象、论证了长生成仙的可能性,并提出了成就神仙的途径与方法,形成了较为系统的神仙理论体系,这对道教神仙理论丰富和发展有重要作用;《河上公章句》主要是通过道论发展了老子的生命哲学,提出了因循自然、与道和同、贵精爱气、行气养神、除情去欲、利他无私、谦卑不争的养生之道,形成了较为系统的养生理论,对道教的形成发展、深入人心起到了极大作用。这样就可以理清二者在道之用上的异同。第四部分是分析二者道论对早期道教的影响。就道论思想根源而言,社会历史背景和思想文化融合争鸣起了主要作用,受当时生产力水平的限制,人们对社会现象的认识能力有限,并且道家思想面临转型,儒释道三教思想融合争鸣,彼此吸收借鉴,对《老子想尔注》与《河上公章句》思想理论的构建起了决定作用。通过道论的比较分析,足见《老子想尔注》与《河上公章句》道论思想为道教发展提供了哲学依据、孕育和发展了神仙理论、丰富和完善了养生理论、促进了道教的形成与发展。结论部分对全文进行总结。《老子想尔注》与《河上公章句》以“道”为中心,通过“道论”发展了各自的思想理论,虽然二者道论思想差异较大,但客观上都为早期道教的形成与发展奠定了理论基础,可以说是联系道家与道教的枢纽。
[Abstract]:Early Taoism is the initial stage of Taoism, "Lao Tzu Xiang Er Zhu" and "river seal sentences is an important work period of early Taoism, is on" moral "comments, reflecting the thought of" Tao "(Taoism), understand although most scholars believe that the" river ten > seal is the Taoist canon, and Taoist classic, but its health theory objectively the emergence and development of early Taoism to create the conditions. Lao Tzu to Seoul injection system development achievement > immortal theory, through the analysis on the road to the two, we can see the two on the formation and development of the early Taoism plays a major role, so we must pay attention to the study of "Tao" theory. Only in this way, in order to better tap the essence of Taoist culture, for building a harmonious society.
The author from the two classic "Tao theory" theory, the comparative study of the Taoism thought, to explore the similarities and differences between the two ways of thinking, expressing the main idea and effect of early Taoism, in order to comprehensively review the two ways of ideological system, in-depth study of Taoism argumentation, to show the positive factors of Taoism cultural paper is divided into four parts:
The first part is "Lao Tzu Xiang Er Zhu" and "river seal sentences into a book author, and main thoughts. This part is on the two road on the basis of the comparative research, the author mainly introduces two classic, basic books, mainly reflected, and the existing research results.
The second part of the main road on the two were compared, especially on the way of the body (nature). The study is divided into four small parts, revealing the two meaning of the road, a road with a road and air, road and the universe of understanding, pointed out the similarities and differences between the two ways of thinking, as well as the main thought to be expressed, namely the use of Tao Tao and immortal achievements. I think a way of keeping good health Lao Tzu note > "Tao" personality deified, showing its religious theology; "on the river as the official sentences ontology of the universe and the law of nature, the development of the Lao Tzu life philosophy, the understanding of Tao body close to the Lao Tzu intention.
The third part is on the road was studied. A road that is based on the way of the body on the understanding of the deepening of the theory, using the theory to express their own ideas. I think Lao Tzu theory focuses on the theory of note > immortal, everywhere "Tao" as the center of preaching, "deification Tao, Tao's philosophy will lead to Lao Tzu religious theology, established the Taoist belief object, demonstrates the possibility of immortality, and puts forward the ways and methods of achievement immortal gods, formed a complete theoretical system, which is an important role of Taoism and enrich and develop the theory of" river seal sentence; > mainly by the development of the Lao Tzu life philosophy, put forward following the natural, and with your love for fine, gas, gas repose, except love and desire, selfless altruism, humility for forming the systematic a way of keeping good health, health theory, the formation of Taoism. Show great effect to people. So we can sort out the similarities and differences of the two road in use.
The fourth part is the analysis of the impact of the two road on the road of early Taoism. The ideological roots, played a major role on social historical background and cultural fusion, by the time the limitation of productivity, people's cognitive ability of social phenomena is limited, and Taoism face the transformation of Buddhism and Taoism thought fusion contend each other reference to "note" and "I want to Lao Tzu River seal construction sentences thought theory played a decisive role. By theory of comparative analysis, which shows the" note "and" I want to Lao Tzu River Road on the thought of official sentences for the development of Taoist philosophy basis, the birth and development of the gods the theory, enrich and perfect the theory of health, promoting the formation and development of Taoism.
The conclusion part summarizes Lao Tzu to Seoul. Note "and" river seal sentences with "Tao" as the center of the paper, through the "Tao" theory developed their theory, although the two road on ideological differences, lays a theoretical foundation for objectively and development of Taoism formed early, can that link of Taoism and Taoist hub.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：B958

【参考文献】