抒海、竭海、弈海与拟海——印度佛教抒海神话的源流

发布时间：2018-04-12 09:35

本文选题：抒海神话 + 佛教文学　；参考：《外国文学评论》2013年01期

【摘要】：在《六度集经》、《生经》、《摩诃僧yG律》、《佛说大意经》、《贤愚经》和《佛本行集经》中,有一个情节类似的抒海神话。该本生故事既化用了印度民间故事中的鸟儿舀干海水的情节,又与入海采宝的故事相连接,还与婆罗门教的"搅乳海"神话有所关联,从而形成了一个宣扬大乘佛教"六度"(六波罗蜜)中的"布施"与"精进"观念的新型神话故事。其原有的核心观念也进行了佛教的理论化处理,不仅在密教文献中有多种竭海法术,而且新产生了"能竭烦恼海"这样比较典型的佛教叙述。可以说,该神话故事的成型体现了印度外道故事的佛教化过程。抒海本生既口头传播于西域的于阗等地,后被辑入故事集《贤愚经》中;又以汉译佛经的多种文本、图像及舞台艺术的形式,进入我国汉、藏族等多个民族的文学艺术视野,散见于佛教类书、道教文学或禅宗话头以及民族戏曲之中,其影响深远而多样化。
[Abstract]:In the Scriptures of the sixth degree, the Scriptures of Health, the laws of the Mahabharas YG, the Scriptures of the main idea of the Buddha, the Scriptures of Mercy and folklore, and the Collection of Buddhist acts, there is a similar story of expressing the sea myth.The Benson story combines the draught of birds from the Indian folklore, links it with the story of treasure mining in the sea, and is also linked to the Brahmin myth of "churning the sea".Thus formed a new mythological story of spreading the idea of "giving" and "refinement" in the sixth degree of Mahayana Buddhism.Its original core concept has also been theorized by Buddhism. Not only there are many kinds of exhausted sea spells in the literature of secret education, but also a more typical Buddhist narrative of "can exhaust the sea of trouble" has emerged.It can be said that the formation of the myth reflects the Buddhist process of the story of India.Expressing Haibensheng not only spread orally in Yutian and other places in the Western region, but was later compiled into the collection of stories, "the Book of Mercy and folly," and entered the literary and artistic horizons of many ethnic groups, such as Han and Tibetans, in the form of a variety of texts, images and stage art of Buddhist scriptures translated from Chinese to Chinese.Scattered in Buddhist books, Taoist literature or Zen discourse and national opera, its influence is profound and diverse.
【作者单位】：北京大学东方文学研究中心;北京大学外国语学院南亚学系;
【分类号】：B948

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