神学人格的逻辑解构——重思黑格尔到马克思的宗教批判线索

发布时间：2018-04-16 06:55

本文选题：人格 + 神学　；参考：《中南大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年06期

【摘要】：启蒙运动肇始至今,西方的神学政治问题日渐凸显,在哲学观念引发政治变革的时代背景中,人们亟待反思马克思关于宗教批判已经终结的判断。在黑格尔、青年黑格尔派到马克思的思想沿袭中,宗教批判究竟为政治批判提供了什么样的理论前提?通过与"思辨的有神论者"的论争,黑格尔批判了将神学人格视为公共政治精神基础的做法,他主张在社会关系中缔造伦理人格,伦理人格是在世俗化宗教中缔造政治权威的思想前提。作为思想继承者的青年黑格尔派在不同理论层面上强化了宗教人格主义,及其作为特定自我观念在政治领域内的引申。其中,施特劳斯强调民众普遍信念对于构筑宗教意识的核心作用,进而演绎出代表人类最高道德实体的"类"观念;费尔巴哈则把"类"视为人格的自由本质,希望通过从神学到人本学的转换,最大限度地弘扬人的主体性价值。对于马克思而言,以往的宗教批判为政治批判提供了基准:自由人格的实现,不能再依靠宗教意识和人本主义说教,而必须深入到市民社会成员的利己精神之中,寻求扬弃资本异化的全新政治方案。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the Enlightenment, the theological political problems in the West have become increasingly prominent. In the background of the political change caused by the philosophical concept, it is urgent for people to reflect on Marx's judgment that the religious criticism has come to an end.In Hegel, the young Hegel school came to Marx's thought, what kind of theoretical premise did religious criticism provide for political criticism?By arguing with the "speculative theologian", Hegel criticizes the practice of treating theological personality as the basis of public political spirit. He advocates the creation of ethical personality in social relations.Ethical personality is the premise of creating political authority in secularized religion.The Youth Hegel School, as a successor of thought, strengthens religious personality on different theoretical levels and its extension in the political field as a specific self-concept.Among them, Strauss emphasizes the central role of the popular belief in the construction of religious consciousness, and then deduces the concept of "class", which represents the highest moral entity of mankind, while Feuerbach regards "class" as the free essence of personality.Through the transformation from theology to humanism, I hope to carry forward the subjective value of man to the maximum extent.For Marx, the past religious criticism has provided the benchmark for the political criticism: the realization of the free personality can no longer rely on religious consciousness and humanism preaching, but must go deep into the self-interest spirit of the members of the civil society.To seek a new political plan to sublate the alienation of capital.
【作者单位】：东北电力大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：2015年国家社科基金重大项目“马克思主义政治哲学重大基础理论问题研究”(15ZDB002) 东北电力大学博士科研启动基金项目“神学政治问题视域内的马克思宗教批判理论”(BSJXM-201526)
【分类号】：B978;B038

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