藏传佛教在五台山的发展及影响

发布时间：2018-04-23 17:59

本文选题：藏传佛教 + 五台山　；参考：《西北大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：五台山是内地现存的唯一一处汉、藏两系并存之佛教圣地，从元代藏传佛教正式传入五台山，历经七百多年的发展，绵延至今，在政治、经济、文化等方面都发挥了重要的作用。本文试图对藏传佛教在五台山的传播作一整体研究，主要从以下四方面进行论述：(一)、五台山文殊信仰的形成及对吐蕃的影响。五台山文殊信仰形成于唐代，在唐与吐蕃频繁的经济、政治、文化交流中，对吐蕃本土及敦煌佛教产生了一定影响。(二)、元明时期藏传佛教在五台山的传播。元代八思巴巡礼五台山标志着藏传佛教正式传入五台山，明代藏传佛教在五台山进一步传播，萨迦派、噶玛派、格鲁派都在五台山分别得以发展，僧人、寺院数量均有发展。(三)、清代前期藏传佛教在五台山的兴盛。清朝皇帝屡次巡礼五台山，康熙下令将原来十座汉传佛教寺院改为藏传佛教寺院，在这些寺院中出现大量的汉族僧人，蒙古族、藏族、土族、满族僧人纷纷来此朝拜，使得康乾时期藏传佛教在此达到鼎盛。(四)、清后期以来藏传佛教在五台山的衰落与复兴。嘉庆以后五台山藏传佛教开始衰落，到抗日战争时期五台山藏传佛教第一次衰落到低谷；土改时期，五台山藏传佛教第二次跌入低谷；新中国成立之后，在能海、法尊等人的努力下恢复了中断多年的藏传佛教密法，五台山藏传佛教开始复兴。但文革时，五台山藏传佛教又一次衰落到极点。改革开放以后，随着宗教政策的落实，，五台山藏传佛教迅速发展。藏传佛教在五台山的传播是五台山文殊信仰发展的结果，体现了自古及今中华大地上各民族频繁的文化交流以及由此带来的各民族的相互了解和亲合。在这个过程中历代统治者对五台山藏传佛教适时的加以引导和利用，加强了五台山藏传佛教在稳定国家统治、促进民族团结以及各民族文化交流中的作用。作者对以上诸问题进行了初步研究，或有诸多未尽之处，敬请各位专家予以批评指正。
[Abstract]:The Wutai Mountain is the only existing Buddhist shrine in the mainland where Han and Tibet coexist. Tibetan Buddhism was formally introduced into Mount Wutai from the Yuan Dynasty. After more than 700 years of development, it continues to this day, in politics and economy. Culture and other aspects have played an important role. This paper attempts to make a whole study on the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in Mt. Wutai, mainly from the following four aspects: the formation of the belief of Manjusri in Mt. Wutai and its influence on Tubo. The belief of Manjusri in Wutai Mountain was formed in the Tang Dynasty. During the frequent economic, political and cultural exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo, it had a certain influence on the Tibetan Buddhism and Dunhuang Buddhism. The spread of Tibetan Buddhism in the Wutai Mountains during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. In the Yuan Dynasty, Basiba Patrol Wutai Mountain marked the formal introduction of Tibetan Buddhism into Wutai Mountain. Tibetan Buddhism spread further in Wutai Mountain in Ming Dynasty. Sakya School, Gama School, and Gru faction developed in Wutai Mountain, and the number of monks and monasteries developed. In the early Qing Dynasty, Tibetan Buddhism flourished in Mount Wutai. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty repeatedly toured Mount Wutai. Kangxi ordered the conversion of the original ten Han Buddhist monasteries to Tibetan Buddhist monasteries. In these monasteries, a large number of Han monks, Mongols, Tibetans, Tu and Manchu monks came here to worship. So that Tibetan Buddhism in the Kangqian period reached its peak here. The decline and revival of Tibetan Buddhism in Wutai Mountain since the late Qing Dynasty. After Jiaqing, Tibetan Buddhism in Mount Wutai began to decline. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Tibetan Buddhism in Mount Wutai declined to a low point for the first time. During the land reform period, Tibetan Buddhism in Mount Wutai fell to a low point for the second time. After the founding of New China, Tibetan Buddhism fell to a low point in Nenghai. With the efforts of Dharma and others, Tibetan Buddhism, which had been interrupted for many years, began to revive in Wutai Mountain. However, during the Cultural Revolution, the Wutai Mountain Tibetan Buddhism once again declined to the extreme. After reform and opening up, with the implementation of religious policy, Wutai Mountain Tibetan Buddhism developed rapidly. The spread of Tibetan Buddhism in Wutai Mountain is the result of the development of Manjusri belief in Mt. Wutai, which embodies the frequent cultural exchanges among all nationalities in ancient and present China and the mutual understanding and affinity between them. In this process, the rulers of the past dynasties gave timely guidance and utilization to the Wutai Mountain Tibetan Buddhism, which strengthened the role of the Wutai Mountain Tibetan Buddhism in stabilizing the national rule, promoting national unity and cultural exchanges among different nationalities. The author has carried on the preliminary research to the above questions, or has many undone places, invites each expert to give the criticism and correction.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：B949.2

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