从《教会改革建议书》透视16世纪天主教会的双重危机

发布时间：2018-05-26 18:02

本文选题：天主教改革 + 特兰托大公会议　；参考：《首都师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：1537年问世的《教会改革建议书》是16世纪天主教改革运动中的一份重要文献。学界常常自觉或不自觉地受"目的论"支配,将此文献放在"特兰托改革"或"特兰托时代"的框架内来解读。《建议书》的重要性看似得到认可,实则在本质上被认作是"前特兰托时代"的产物,因而其真正的历史意义反倒隐而不彰。学者们通常认为,1563年闭幕的特兰托大公会议制定了较为完整的改革蓝图,进而促使天主教会转变心态,加紧社会控制与社会规训,强调以主教作为改革驱动力,限制和打击平信徒的宗教复兴运动。这种看法需要加以修正。重新解读《建议书》,可发现:天主教会遭遇的双重危机,即体制危机以及教会官方应对体制危机的过程中自身所蕴含的观念危机,早在16世纪30年代就已成型;天主教会逐渐不再容忍以往多元取径的信仰生态之做法也早已在此时出现。"特兰托改革"只是《建议书》的延续,而不是天主教改革运动的转折点。此转折点应是《建议书》。进而言之,需要重新考量16世纪30年代的天主教变化,并重新思考16世纪天主教改革运动的连续性。
[Abstract]:The Church Reform recommendation, published in 1537, was an important document in the 16 th century Catholic Reformation Movement. Scholars are often consciously or unconsciously dominated by "teleology" and interpret this document within the framework of "Tranto Reform" or "Tranto era." the importance of the "recommendation" seems to be recognized. In essence, it is regarded as the product of the "pre-Tranto era", so its true historical significance is hidden. Scholars generally believe that the Grand Duke of Tranto, which ended in 1563, drew up a more complete blueprint for reform, which in turn prompted the Catholic Church to change its mentality, tighten social control and social discipline, and emphasize the importance of bishops as the driving force for reform. To restrict and combat the religious revival movement of ordinary believers. This view needs to be revised. Rereading the "proposal", we can find that the double crisis encountered by the Catholic Church, that is, the crisis of the system and the crisis of the concept contained in the process of the church's official coping with the crisis of the system, had already taken shape as early as 1630s; The Catholic Church has gradually ceased to tolerate the ecological practices of pluralism. " The Tranto Reformation was a continuation of the recommendations, not a turning point in the Catholic reform movement. This turning point should be the proposal. Furthermore, it is necessary to reconsider the changes in Catholicism in the 1630s and the continuity of the Catholic Reformation in the 16th century.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“卡洛·博罗梅奥的米兰大主教区改革与近代早期意大利社会转型研究(1565-1610)”(17BSS045)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：B976.1

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