作为表演的寺院生活

发布时间：2018-06-05 05:03

本文选题：佛教 + 宗教复兴　；参考：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放后,中国宗教进入复兴阶段。其中特别是佛教进入蓬勃发展时期,这主要体现在寺院数量的飞速增长上。笔者将使用人类学定性方法切入,试图以“南天佛国”之称的浙江省会城市杭州城乡结合部的佛教N寺为例,在一定程度上回答宗教复兴的大背景中为何佛教如此兴盛。本文在仪式化(ritualization)的概念下对寺院的所有活动进行剖析,考察了信众的日常生活、寺院仪式、寺院的财政状况以及政教关系,最终发现寺院内的所有活动是一种表演的产物。这种产物能够满足国家监管、寺院收入以及信众需求的三方利益。另外通过描述个人、组织与国家三者之间的动态关系,也勾勒出有关中国现代性大背景下的特征。其中作为地方能动力的新宗教运动也是中国个体化发展的侧影,这种个体化与阎云翔研究的新生代农民工不同的是笔者个案中大部分都是城市里的年轻人。这表明,现代中国的城乡二元制度构成了中国特色现代性的最关键因素。另外,新宗教运动依附于佛教寺院的发展也体现出中国社会个体化机制的不健全。论文主要分为五章,第一章是导论部分,介绍改革开放后佛教复兴大背景下,宗教社会学研究的主要成果,发现从个体、组织、国家的定性角度出发对于佛教复兴的研究比较少。为了弥补这一空白,笔者将运用人类学对仪式、仪式化、表演等理论框架对六个月的田野材料进行分析；第二章是佛教制度历史沿革叙述,从历史沿革的角度追溯佛教的传入、中国历朝历代对佛教的政策,包括寺院经济史以及政教关系史；第三章是寺院民族志部分,主要描述义工组织、老年居士林的生活,以及信众们是如何把信仰生活跟佛教寺院联系起来；第四章是分析部分,将理论框架与田野志联系起来,从表演的角度对仪式化、新宗教运动以及能动与结构的探讨；第五章是结论与反思部分,得出寺院的仪式、仪式化活动是具有表演性质的活动,这种活动以寺院为舞台,政府规定为剧本大纲,以僧人为策划主导者,信众为参与者。在整个过程中,政府整合了信众的精神需求,僧人得到了收入维持生计,信众则确信自己获得了福报,实现了自我认同。正是由于三方的满意,能够回答前文佛教在宗教复兴中为什么尤其兴盛的问题。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, Chinese religion entered the stage of revival. Buddhism, in particular, entered a period of vigorous development, which was mainly reflected in the rapid growth in the number of monasteries. By using the qualitative method of anthropology, the author tries to take the Buddhist N Temple in Hangzhou, the provincial capital city of Zhejiang Province, as an example, to answer to a certain extent why Buddhism is so prosperous in the background of religious revival. Under the concept of ritualization, this paper analyzes all the activities of the monastery, investigates the daily life of the believers, the ritual of the temple, the financial situation of the temple and the relationship between the state and the religion, and finally finds that all the activities in the temple are the product of a kind of performance. This product can satisfy the tripartite interests of state supervision, monastery income and the needs of believers. In addition, by describing the dynamic relations among individuals, organizations and countries, the characteristics of Chinese modernity are outlined. The new religious movement, which is the driving force of local energy, is also the silhouette of the individualized development of China. This individualization is different from the new generation of migrant workers studied by Yan Yunxiang in that most of the cases are young people in the city. This indicates that the dual system of urban and rural areas in modern China constitutes the most critical factor of modernity with Chinese characteristics. In addition, the development of new religious movement attached to Buddhist monasteries also reflects the imperfection of individualized mechanism in Chinese society. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the main achievements of religious sociology research under the background of Buddhism revival after reform and opening up. From the qualitative point of view of the country, there is little research on the revival of Buddhism. In order to fill this gap, the author will use anthropology to analyze the field materials of six months in the theoretical framework of ceremony, ritualization, performance, etc. The second chapter is the historical history of the Buddhist system, tracing back to the introduction of Buddhism from the perspective of historical evolution. China's successive dynasties' Buddhist policies, including the history of the economic history of monasteries and the history of political and religious relations; the third chapter is the ethnography of monasteries, which mainly describes the life of volunteer organizations and the elderly people in Jushilin. The fourth chapter is the analysis part, which links the theoretical framework with the field chronicles, and discusses the ritualization, the new religious movement and the dynamic and structure from the point of view of performance. The fifth chapter is the conclusion and reflection part, draw the ceremony of the temple, ritualized activity is the activity with the performance nature, this kind of activity takes the temple as the stage, the government prescribes as the script outline, takes the monk as the planning leader, the believers as the participant. In the whole process, the government integrated the spiritual needs of the followers, the monks received income to support their livelihood, and the believers were convinced that they had been blessed and realized their self-identity. Thanks to the satisfaction of the three parties, it is possible to answer the question of why Buddhism flourished in the revival of religion.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B948

【相似文献】