都市中的道教宫观研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 04:14

本文选题：道教 + 上海　；参考：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 道教作为土生土长的宗教,在传统文化中常儒、释、道三家并提,所谓“三教九流”,儒、释、道曾经是中国文化的主流。在现代中国天主教、基督教、佛教、道教、伊斯兰教五大宗教中,道教也占有一席之地,并对中国民众的影响依然很大。尤其在民间风俗中,道教的影响处处可见,有的还进入到主流文化中。是以当下可见,道教仍然有很强的生命力。随着现代化进程逐步加深,宗教与现代化的问题日益突出,道教自然也在这个过程中。现代化进程中的一个重要方面就是“城市化”,于是也形成了很多大都市,在中国,上海就是众多都市中的佼佼者。是以上海的道教宫观为考察对象,则更加能够凸显出城市化乃至现代化与宗教的关系。稍作考察即可以看到,上海道教的历史并不是很长,尤其与周边江苏、江西的道教相比更加逊色。但是到近代以后,上海开始迅速发展,并且确立了在中国的经济地位,于是各种宗教也相继到上海开展活动。张天师就曾多次到上海“传道”,在上海也成立了多个道教团体,有的还是全国性的组织。从上世纪90年代开始,上海的发展更为突飞猛进,真正确立了中国的“经济中心”的地位。同时,在上海的很多宗教也具有了其以往不具有的影响力。上海道教在发挥对内影响作用之时,还积极开展对外交流活动,团结台、港、澳的华人信众,还加强与海外道教信众及研究者的联系。上海的道教宫观在上海这个中发挥了自己应尽的责任,也日益与上海发展相一致。在此,笔者认为所谓“都市道教”应该具有这样四个特点:一、道教首先处在都市之中,并与都市保持良好的关系。二、存在都市中的道教还要与都市的发展相一致,乃至与都市的发展历史相一致。三、都市道教还要积极参与到都市的各项事务之中,发挥积极地正面的作用。四、都市道教还起到连接海内外信众的纽带作用等。基于此,笔者以为上海的道教基本具备这样的特点,或者说,“都市道教”的特点就是基于此。还应该看到,目前上海道教发展势头虽然良好,但还有很多方面仍不健全,与现代化、城市化还有一些不协调的地方亟待改进,这也是本文要指出的。通过笔者的考察、研究,企望能得到一些合理的结论,乃至为上海道教的发展提供某些有用的数据。
[Abstract]:As a native religion, Taoism was once the mainstream of Chinese culture. Among the five religions of modern Chinese Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, Taoism and Islam, Taoism also occupies a place and still has great influence on the Chinese people. Especially in folk customs, the influence of Taoism can be seen everywhere, some also into the mainstream culture. It is now visible that Taoism still has a strong vitality. With the gradual deepening of the modernization process, the problems of religion and modernization become increasingly prominent, Taoism naturally in this process. An important aspect of the modernization process is urbanization, which has formed a lot of big cities. In China, Shanghai is one of the best cities in the world. Taking the Taoist temple of Shanghai as the object of investigation, it can highlight the relationship between urbanization and modernization and religion. It can be seen that the history of Taoism in Shanghai is not very long, especially compared with the surrounding Jiangsu and Jiangxi Taoism. But after modern times, Shanghai began to develop rapidly and established its economic status in China. Zhang Tianshi has been to Shanghai many times to "preach", in Shanghai also set up a number of Taoist groups, some national organizations. Since the 1990 s, Shanghai has developed by leaps and bounds and established the status of "economic center" of China. At the same time, many of the religions in Shanghai have had an influence that they did not have in the past. When Shanghai Taoism exerts its influence at home, it also actively carries out foreign exchange activities, unifies the Chinese believers in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and strengthens its ties with overseas Taoist believers and researchers. The Taoist temple in Shanghai has played its part and is increasingly in line with Shanghai's development. Here, the author thinks that the so-called "urban Taoism" should have four characteristics: first, Taoism is in the city, and maintains a good relationship with the city. Secondly, Taoism in the city should be consistent with the development of the city and even with the history of the city. Thirdly, Metropolitan Taoism should take an active part in all kinds of urban affairs and play a positive role. Fourth, Metropolitan Taoism also plays a role in connecting believers at home and abroad. Based on this, the author thinks that Taoism in Shanghai basically has such characteristics, or that the characteristics of Metropolitan Taoism are based on this. It should also be seen that although the momentum of Taoism development in Shanghai is good at present, there are still many aspects that are still not perfect, and there are still some incongruities with modernization and urbanization that need to be improved urgently, which is also pointed out in this paper. Through the author's investigation and research, I hope to get some reasonable conclusions, and even provide some useful data for the development of Shanghai Taoism.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B957

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